Many people who fly at least occasionally have come down with a cold or the flu shortly after disembarking. Is the air in airborne commercial jets 1 The Association of Flight Attendants (AFA), 2 which 42,000 flight attendants with 27 airlines are represented, evidently thinks so. The organization claims that the incidence of air-quality-related diseases has 3 among its members and demands that prompt actions be 4 to improve the conditions in the airplane cabin.A study the AFA 5 in 1997 uncovered about 1,000 self-reported incidents of headaches, dizziness and memory loss 6 flight attendants and passengers. Some flight attendants were too ill to 7 their safety duties, while others have been permanently disabled.Because of airlines" efforts to 8 their expenses, cabin-air filters are not cleaned 9 . The complaints of flight attendants do not always give 10 to correct maintenance. Airlines turned to recycled air, 11 that they would reduce some of their costs. They are not required to put filters in. Airlines are 12 great pressure to get their flights out 13 . So they do not pay as much attention to systems that are not as 14 to flight schedule and safety.Recent research findings emphasize the concern that filters can 15 engine chemicals into the cabin air. This may not happen 16 every flight, but it is a persistent problem.In a study published in October 1998 an investigation was made 17 complaints of crew members 18 air quality and health. More than half of the 200 subjects reported health problems they 19 to cabin air. It was concluded that these health problems were consistent with 20 harmful gases and substances.
A. perform
B. achieve
C. comprehend
D. proceed
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Many people who fly at least occasionally have come down with a cold or the flu shortly after disembarking. Is the air in airborne commercial jets 1 The Association of Flight Attendants (AFA), 2 which 42,000 flight attendants with 27 airlines are represented, evidently thinks so. The organization claims that the incidence of air-quality-related diseases has 3 among its members and demands that prompt actions be 4 to improve the conditions in the airplane cabin.A study the AFA 5 in 1997 uncovered about 1,000 self-reported incidents of headaches, dizziness and memory loss 6 flight attendants and passengers. Some flight attendants were too ill to 7 their safety duties, while others have been permanently disabled.Because of airlines" efforts to 8 their expenses, cabin-air filters are not cleaned 9 . The complaints of flight attendants do not always give 10 to correct maintenance. Airlines turned to recycled air, 11 that they would reduce some of their costs. They are not required to put filters in. Airlines are 12 great pressure to get their flights out 13 . So they do not pay as much attention to systems that are not as 14 to flight schedule and safety.Recent research findings emphasize the concern that filters can 15 engine chemicals into the cabin air. This may not happen 16 every flight, but it is a persistent problem.In a study published in October 1998 an investigation was made 17 complaints of crew members 18 air quality and health. More than half of the 200 subjects reported health problems they 19 to cabin air. It was concluded that these health problems were consistent with 20 harmful gases and substances.
A. presented
B. attributed
C. blamed
D. appealed
Many people who fly at least occasionally have come down with a cold or the flu shortly after disembarking. Is the air in airborne commercial jets 1 The Association of Flight Attendants (AFA), 2 which 42,000 flight attendants with 27 airlines are represented, evidently thinks so. The organization claims that the incidence of air-quality-related diseases has 3 among its members and demands that prompt actions be 4 to improve the conditions in the airplane cabin.A study the AFA 5 in 1997 uncovered about 1,000 self-reported incidents of headaches, dizziness and memory loss 6 flight attendants and passengers. Some flight attendants were too ill to 7 their safety duties, while others have been permanently disabled.Because of airlines" efforts to 8 their expenses, cabin-air filters are not cleaned 9 . The complaints of flight attendants do not always give 10 to correct maintenance. Airlines turned to recycled air, 11 that they would reduce some of their costs. They are not required to put filters in. Airlines are 12 great pressure to get their flights out 13 . So they do not pay as much attention to systems that are not as 14 to flight schedule and safety.Recent research findings emphasize the concern that filters can 15 engine chemicals into the cabin air. This may not happen 16 every flight, but it is a persistent problem.In a study published in October 1998 an investigation was made 17 complaints of crew members 18 air quality and health. More than half of the 200 subjects reported health problems they 19 to cabin air. It was concluded that these health problems were consistent with 20 harmful gases and substances.
A. between
B. within
C. among
D. inside
Queuse are long. Life is short. So why waste time waiting when you can pay someone to do it for you In Washington D. C.—a city that struggles with more than its share of bureaucratic practices—a small industry is emerging that will queue for you to get everything from a driver"s license to a seat in a congressional hearing.Michael Dorsey, one of the pioneering "service expediters", began going to traffic courts for other people back in 1988. Today his fees start at $ 20 and can go into the thousands to plead individual cases at the Bureau of Traffic Adjudication (his former employer). Mr. Dorsey knows what a properly written parking ticket looks like, and often gets fines invalidated on its failures in formality. His clients include congressmen and diplomats, as well as firms for which tickets are an occupational hazard, such as taxi operators and television broadcasters.Service expediters are not universally loved. Non-tax income, like fines and fees, makes up about 7% of local-government revenue in Washington. Mr. Dorsey alone relieves that fund of $150, 000 a year. Meanwhile, citizen advocacy groups keep complaining about expediters such as the Congressional Services Company and CVK Group that specialise in saving places for congressional hearings. Committees hearing hot topics such as energy regulation often do not have enough seats. Why should a well-heeled lobbyist who has paid $ 30 an hour to a professional place-holder grab the place Critics say this perpetuates a two-layered system :the rich get good government service, but the poor still have to wait.This seems a little harsh. Service expeditors can hardly be blamed for creating the unfair system they profit from. Anyway, it"s not only rich corporate types who benefit from their services. Poor foreigners with little English hire expediters to navigate the ticket-fighting process; so do elderly and disabled people who want to save time on errands that require long hours standing in line.And, who knows, the service expediters might even shame the bureaucrats into pulling their socks up. Back in 1999, Washington"s mayor, Tony Williams, promised to liberate citizens from the tyranny of the government queue. Things have gotten a bit better, but the 20-minute take of renewing a driver"s license can still take days. Hiring an expert to confront the bureaucratic beast on your behalf takes care of that. The best rifle for the text probably is
A. The Taming of the Queue.
B. Controversy over New Businesses.
C. You Wait, I Wait, We All Wait.
D. The Bureaucratic Beast.
Many people who fly at least occasionally have come down with a cold or the flu shortly after disembarking. Is the air in airborne commercial jets 1 The Association of Flight Attendants (AFA), 2 which 42,000 flight attendants with 27 airlines are represented, evidently thinks so. The organization claims that the incidence of air-quality-related diseases has 3 among its members and demands that prompt actions be 4 to improve the conditions in the airplane cabin.A study the AFA 5 in 1997 uncovered about 1,000 self-reported incidents of headaches, dizziness and memory loss 6 flight attendants and passengers. Some flight attendants were too ill to 7 their safety duties, while others have been permanently disabled.Because of airlines" efforts to 8 their expenses, cabin-air filters are not cleaned 9 . The complaints of flight attendants do not always give 10 to correct maintenance. Airlines turned to recycled air, 11 that they would reduce some of their costs. They are not required to put filters in. Airlines are 12 great pressure to get their flights out 13 . So they do not pay as much attention to systems that are not as 14 to flight schedule and safety.Recent research findings emphasize the concern that filters can 15 engine chemicals into the cabin air. This may not happen 16 every flight, but it is a persistent problem.In a study published in October 1998 an investigation was made 17 complaints of crew members 18 air quality and health. More than half of the 200 subjects reported health problems they 19 to cabin air. It was concluded that these health problems were consistent with 20 harmful gases and substances.
A. founded
B. underlined
C. considered
D. undertook