The Writing’s on the WallIs it art or is it just vandalism(野蛮行为) Well,it’s still a crime,but graffiti(涂鸦) has changed since the days of spraying your name on a wall to mark your territory.Street art has become much more sophisticated since a 17-year-old called Demetrius started spraying his “tag”,TAKI 183,all over the NewYork underground in 1971,and hip-hop culture was born.Hip-hop is a mixture of art,music and dancing,poetry,language and fashion.It came from young inner-city people,who felt left out by their richerclassmates and who were desperate to express themselves in any way they could.An experiment to control the spread of graffiti in Rochdale,Greater Manchester,has been so successful that plans have been made by local street artists for an international convention in June.“We’re planning to get people together from different countries like France and Germany for a week,”says Liam,one of the organizers.The scheme started in 2000,and has attracted people of all age groups and both sexes.“We all share a common interest and get on really well with each other.”The first site to be chosen was a subway.“Before we began,people were afraid to use the subway.We had it cleaned up and now,with all the artists hanging out down there,people are using it again.People can relate to graffiti much more now.”By providing places to display their talents legally,there has been a fall in the amount of“tagging”on people’s private property.Street artist Temper developed his drawing skills at a young age.In art classes at school he was really frustrated because the Art teacher didn’t spend time with him.They thought he was already very good at art and so spent more time with other students.So,at 12 years old,Temper started painting with all these guys he’d hooked up with who were about 22 years old.He looked up to them and loved what they were doing on the streets of Wolvehampton,England.“The whole hip-hop scene was built up of different things and I did a bit of everything.But it was always the graffiti I was best at,”he says. Since the scheme started,no walls in the town were sprayed with graffiti()
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
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Racial Prejudice In some countries where racial prejudice is acute,violence has been taken for granted as a means of solving differences;and this is not even questioned.There are countries (1) the white man imposes his rule by brute(粗暴的)force;there are countries where the black man protests by (2) fire to cities and by looting and pillaging(抢劫).Important people on both sides,who would appear to bereasonable men,get up and calmly argue in (3) of violence as if it were a legitimate(合法的) solution, (4) any other.What is really frightening,what really (5) you with despair,is the realization that when it comes to the crunch(关键时刻),we have made no actual (6) at all.We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint,but our instincts remain basically unchanged.The whole of the recorded (7) of the human race,that tedious documentation of violence,has taught us absolutely nothing.We have still not learnt that (8) never solves a problem but makes it more acute.The sheer horror,the bloodshed and the suffering (9) nothing.No solution ever comes to (10) the morning after when we dismally(阴郁地) contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who (11) where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing.They are despised,mistrusted and even persecuted (12) their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement.If half the energy that goes into (13) acts were put to good use,if our efforts were directed at (14) up the slums and ghettos(贫民窟),at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all,we would not have gone a long way to (15) at a solution. 12()
A. for
B. with
C. by
D. of
第二篇In Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate.That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditional ideas about the role of women.They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job.These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation.Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families.In Eritrea,in fact,there is great need for improvement.It is one of the poorest countries in the world.For many Eritrean families,getting enough food is a daily problem.To deal with these problems,the Eritrean government,together with the World Food Program,has a new program that offers food as a reward for learning。In primary schools,all the children receive food packages to take home to their families.However,with the new program,the girls receive 50 percent more food than the boys.This way,parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training.Managed by the National Union of Eritrean Women,this program offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization)to women and older girls who are willing to join the program.Because of the war with Ethiopia,many women are bringing up their families on their own.They often live in refugee camps,with no land of their own and no way to earn money.Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job.They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families.The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives.If they agree to join the program,they receive a large package of food each month.In return,the women are required to attend free literacy classes for two hours every day.When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea,5,000 girls and women joined in the first two months.It is especially popular with teenage girls,aged fourteen to sixteen,who have never had a chance to go to school before.The organizers of Food for Training also plan to offer other kinds of courses for women,using the same system of food rewards.In these courses,they will teach women job skills and crafts such as basket weaving.These women will not only learn to read and write.They will become aware of what is going on in their country,and they will be able to have a voice in their future. According to the passage,traditional ideas about women()
A. are rejected by the younger generation.
B. help improve the economy.
C. hinder economic development.
D. have little impact on economic development.