In the world of management, employees are nonexempt or exempt, depending on whether they get paid for overtime or not. (21) a creative scientist, like a creative artist, does not see his or her time. The very idea of a creative scientist (22) out time sheets is ludicrous. Fascination in science cannot be turned on or off on (23) The creative mind continues to wander (24) the body eats, exercises, or sleeps. Interruptions in or out of the laboratory, the library, the office or the home study may (25) a promising effort. (26) the well-established practice of moonlighting. Do what you need to do to keep the wolf (27) from the door, the world (28) your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do (29) you really want to do. All of us who had done science know how to (30) effectively. So many scientific books are prefaced by remarks such as "I thank my spouse, who tolerated my awful antics while this book was being written." I (31) that some of the most creative results to come out of my laboratory were obtained by graduate students or postdoctoral assistants in the (32) of my instructions or even (33) against them. The creative mind has a vision. And vision, (34) Jonathan Smith, is the art of seeing things (35) . To try to explain a vision can get one into serious trouble, as Joan of Arc (圣女贞德) found out. It is better to moonlight until things become visible.
A. completely
B. occasionally
C. profoundly
D. rarely
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The magnitude of the problem of disappearing species, viewed worldwide, dwarfs resources currently available to address it. By the end of the century, experts predict, one species will be lost every hour. Faced with shrinking budgets and accelerating extinction rates, environmental managers agonize over which species to save. (1) Different criteria for placing value on species--ecological, economic, aesthetic, cultural--compete with one another, and controversy abounds. One proposal for sidestepping direct debates about the value of species is to adopt a system of triage, which takes its name from the French policy of sorting wartime casualties into three categories for medical treatment: those with superficial wounds that do not require immediate attention; those with wounds too serious to make treatment efficacious; and those in the middle range, having serious but treatable wounds. Once the issue is formulated in this manner, it seems obvious that efforts toward species preservation are best concentrated in the third category. (2) Scarce funds and energies should be targeted at saving those species that are both in need of saving and susceptible to being saved. But the most arresting formulation of an issue is not always the most illuminating one; (3) it will be useful to stand back from the triage formulation (三级分类法), which casts the problem of setting priorities as one of sorting species into categories, and ask whether there are other, more fruitful ways to look at the problem. The endangered species problem is not a single problem. It is more accurately seen as four closely related problems: what should be done when a species’ population becomes so depleted as to threaten its continued existence; (4) what should be done to keep relatively healthy populations from declining and thereby falling into the threatened category; how to avert, or at least slow, the predicted and potentially cataclysmic reduction of biological diversity over the next few decades; and how to slow the trend toward conversion of natural systems to intense human use In the triage formulation the priorities problem is most naturally associated with the first question, because it considers threats to individual species. (5) Once threatened, species require management initiatives designed to protect and nurture them, individually. But the goal of protecting biological diversity should not be reduced to the goal of protecting remnant populations of threatened species. If one thinks about the endangered species problem in this way, there is a tendency to treat it as merely a problem of protecting genetic diversity, with each species regarded as a repository for a set of genes.
In the world of management, employees are nonexempt or exempt, depending on whether they get paid for overtime or not. (21) a creative scientist, like a creative artist, does not see his or her time. The very idea of a creative scientist (22) out time sheets is ludicrous. Fascination in science cannot be turned on or off on (23) The creative mind continues to wander (24) the body eats, exercises, or sleeps. Interruptions in or out of the laboratory, the library, the office or the home study may (25) a promising effort. (26) the well-established practice of moonlighting. Do what you need to do to keep the wolf (27) from the door, the world (28) your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do (29) you really want to do. All of us who had done science know how to (30) effectively. So many scientific books are prefaced by remarks such as "I thank my spouse, who tolerated my awful antics while this book was being written." I (31) that some of the most creative results to come out of my laboratory were obtained by graduate students or postdoctoral assistants in the (32) of my instructions or even (33) against them. The creative mind has a vision. And vision, (34) Jonathan Smith, is the art of seeing things (35) . To try to explain a vision can get one into serious trouble, as Joan of Arc (圣女贞德) found out. It is better to moonlight until things become visible.
A. followed
B. as following
C. following
D. follows
Although I know that many of you think the opposite, most human beings have a high level of intelligence, a good memory and can solve problems easily. They live longer and therefore tend to be much more aware of past and future than we are. They communicate by a set of sounds which carry meaning from the order in which they are placed, and which vary from territory to territory, so that some humans find difficulty in communicating with others according to where they come from--if they have been raised in different country and have not had special training. Humans have also invented a set of marks on paper which they use to represent these sounds and which you may often see them concentrating on. In these two ways they have developed their eyes and ears to a higher level of interpretation than ourselves, but in doing so they have lost the ability to gather much of the information which we continually do both from these and our other senses. Most dogs are able to interpret at least part of the vocabulary (voice meanings) of humans, and some of us have learned to recognize some of the pattern of marks which they use to record them on paper so that humans at a different time and in a different place can understand their messages, but it would put our other abilities into danger if we ourselves developed these skills very far. Fortunately, most humans are able to understand a similar amount of our communicatory sounds and behaviour. Try going up to a human, sitting down in front of him and raising a front paw in a gesture. He will almost certainly take it and give it a shake, because it is a greeting gesture for humans, too. He will think you are behaving like a human--and nothing seems to please humans more. Careful, there is a danger here! You are not a human. You are a dog--and if you are going to be happy you should never forget it. You need to live as a dog. It is all very well changing yourself slightly-to fit in with a human pack, but if you deny your true nature you are going to end up a mad dog and, humans will think, a bad dog. There is always a reason for any animal choosing to live with an animal of a different sort, but all too often we have no choice. We have to live with humans. But humans have consciously decided that they want us with them, although not necessarily for the reason that they believe. They may want you as a watchdog to keep burglars away. They may have some idea that looking after you will teach their pups a sense of responsibility. Or they may simply be in desperate need of companionship, of something to love. The purpose of this passage seems most likely to ______ .
A. show that a human is little better than a dog when communicating with it
B. illustrate how intelligent dogs can be when they have had special training
C. hint that dog owners would be better off without forcing dogs to behave like a human
D. disprove all the possible reasons for humans to keep dogs with them for company
In the world of management, employees are nonexempt or exempt, depending on whether they get paid for overtime or not. (21) a creative scientist, like a creative artist, does not see his or her time. The very idea of a creative scientist (22) out time sheets is ludicrous. Fascination in science cannot be turned on or off on (23) The creative mind continues to wander (24) the body eats, exercises, or sleeps. Interruptions in or out of the laboratory, the library, the office or the home study may (25) a promising effort. (26) the well-established practice of moonlighting. Do what you need to do to keep the wolf (27) from the door, the world (28) your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do (29) you really want to do. All of us who had done science know how to (30) effectively. So many scientific books are prefaced by remarks such as "I thank my spouse, who tolerated my awful antics while this book was being written." I (31) that some of the most creative results to come out of my laboratory were obtained by graduate students or postdoctoral assistants in the (32) of my instructions or even (33) against them. The creative mind has a vision. And vision, (34) Jonathan Smith, is the art of seeing things (35) . To try to explain a vision can get one into serious trouble, as Joan of Arc (圣女贞德) found out. It is better to moonlight until things become visible.
A. presence
B. help
C. absence
D. guide