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Part A You will hear an interview between a mathematician and a reporter. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling True or False. You will hear the conversation ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1 to 10. The mathematician studied science in Bronx High School of Science.
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The developers try to add a certain level of ______ that they feel is lacking in commercial games.
Part A You will hear an interview between a mathematician and a reporter. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling True or False. You will hear the conversation ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1 to 10. 7he mathematician felt very lucky to learn some courses on new and modem scientific fields.
TEXT 1 Today, some critics argue that progress on environmental problems has been elusive. There is some truth in that. In the last decade, environmental problems have mounted across the world. Yet over the same 10 years, society had marshaled its resources to address these challenges. The original response was slow. But it is gathering speed, with technological breakthroughs and a growing awareness that a clean environment is essential for development. Of course, we should greatly intensify efforts to tackle poverty and environmental degradation. They endanger our health, security and the innumerable benefits that come to us from nature. But we should also remember our real accomplishments. We have slashed emissions of chemicals that deplete the ozone layer and threaten human health. Industrialized nations largely eliminated chlorofluoro-carbon and halons, the major ozone-threatening gases, by the end of 1995. Fourteen countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have reduced their consumption of ozone-depleting substances by more than 90 percent. And many developing countries are ahead of the timetable that gives them until 2010 to phase out those gases. We are relying less on dirty fuels. Five million energy-efficient lights have been installed in poor countries and those with transitional economies. Wind power generation capacity has increased from near zero to l, 700 megawatts. Virtually unknown in 1992, solar borne systems using photovoltaic technology now provide power to more than a million rural households. At least 30 major companies have committed to investing $10 to $15 billion in renewable energy over the next five years. The private sector is playing an increasingly constructive role. This is an acknowledgment that preserving the environment is both good business and a moral obligation. Companies such as Royal Dutch Shell, Dupont and BP Amoco are working to reduce their negative impact on climate change and increase the options for cleaner energy. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has helped to launch the global alliance for improved nutrition, an innovative public-private partnership that seeks to fortify food in a cost-effective way to improve the health, cognitive development and productivity of people in poor countries. One of the linchpins of these innovative, cooperative efforts is the Global Environment Facility. As the official financing "engine" for the international agreements on biodiversity, climate change, and persistent organic pollutants, the agency earmarks funds for projects with global environmental benefits in 160 countries. It had provided $ 4.2 billion in grants and lever- aged $12 billion in additional financing. The agency has also given 3,000 small grants of up to $ 50,000 each directly to non-governmental organizations and community groups in 60 countries for projects that reconcile global environmental benefits with sustainable livelihoods for local people. We can build on the strengths we have developed over the past 10 years and move ahead with confidence that sustainable development goals are indeed achievable. Which one discloses the reason why people are working to preserve the environment
TEXT 2 Yes, that college tuition bill was bigger this year. States are passing along their budget woes to public university students and their families. Tuitions are rising by double digits in some states, while the amount of state-funded student aid is dropping. Although incomes are rising by only 1% to 2% in most states, tuition at four-year public schools has leapt by 24% in Massachusetts, 20% in Texas and 7% nationally since the 2001-2002 school year. New York had the smallest increase, 0nly 2%. But proposed tuition increases of 35% or more at the State University of New York and the City University of New York would put New York in the lead. Meanwhile, total tuition aid is down 10% in Illinois, 13% in Connecticut and 20% in Arkansas. State budget deficits are the cause. Nationally, states spend about 48% of their revenue on education, or about $ 235 billion in 2001 for kindergarten through college, says the National Governors Association. Elementary and secondary education budgets are protected in many state constitutions, which means that they are generally the last expense that states will cut. But higher education is vulnerable to budgets cuts--and’ tuition increase--because lawmakers tend to see it as discretionary: No one has to go to college, after all. Colleges and universities "have clients they can charge," says the National Center’s president, Patrick M. Callan. "Tuition is the easiest money to get," he adds. The rising cost of public education, and the fear that it is financially squeezing some students out of ag education, have prompted some state universities to adopt a practice long used by private schools to attract students: tuition discounting. In tuition discounting colleges turn around a share of the tuition paid by some students, and use it to pay for scholarships for others. Private colleges typically return $ 35 to $ 45 in scholarships for every $100 they collect in tuition revenue. But until recently, states have viewed discounting as politically unpopular. The increasing cost of a college education is beginning to attract the attention of lawmakers, especially Congress, which already has begun hearings on college costs. But Congress isn’t in a mood to raise the $4,000 grants it offers to needy students under its Pell Grant program. Moreover, tuition has long been so low in some states--specially Iowa, Kansas and Illinois, which now are levying some of the biggest increases--that public outcries may fall on deaf legislative ears. Indeed, college presidents and trustees see big tuition increase in low-priced states as a good way to make the schools less dependent on appropriations that can swing wildly from year to year. There are a few steps students and their families can take to offset rising tuitions, but not many. Because colleges are always interested in raising academic quality, talented students can pit one college against another in hopes of raising their financial-aid offer. Some colleges now invite students to call and renegotiate their aid packages if they get a better offer from another institution, and even those that don’t say as much are willing to talk. In trying to attract the most desirable students, universities are mired in an "armed race", building expensive facilities that most students will never use, but pay for anyway. What does "clients" (Paragraph 4) refer to
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