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阅读下列材料 材料1 恩格斯:“我们不要过分陶醉于我们人类对自然界的胜利。对于每一次这样的胜利,自然界都对我们进行报复”。“因此,我们每走一步都要记住……我们对于自然界的全部统治力量,就在于我们比其他一切生物强,能够认识和正确运用自然规律。” 材料2 20世纪50年代以后,全球人口急剧增长,工业发展.一方面,人类对水资源的需求以惊人的速度扩大;另一方面,日益严重的水污染蚕食大量可供消费的水资源。世界上许多国家正面临水资源危机:21亿人用水短缺。30亿人缺乏用水卫生设施,每年有300万到400万人死于和水有关的疾病。水资源的危机带来的生态系统恶化和生物多样性破坏,也严重威胁人类生存。 材料3 我们要清醒的看到我国足一个有近13亿人口的发展中大国,正处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段,解决好人口资源环境问题是一项长期的艰巨的任务,人口资源环境仍然面临着一系列亟待解决的问题和严峻挑战。对此,全党同志务必高度重视,坚决克服盲目乐观、麻痹松懈和消极畏难的情绪,牢固树立可持续发展观念,不断增强人口意识、资源意识和环境意识,继续坚持不懈地把人口资源环境工作抓紧抓好。 —胡锦涛同志在中央人口资源环境工作座谈会上的讲话 请回答 (1)根据材料1,回答我们如何认识人的主观能动性与客观规律的关系 (2)根据材料2,简述世界生态环境存在的主要问题 (3)根据材料3,简述中国政府为解决人口和资源矛盾的思路。选做题Ⅱ:下面是一组关于国家政权理论的材料 材料1 前代英、法、德、美、日本各国的资产阶级革命,乃资产阶级一阶级的革命。……其目的是建立资本主义的国家即资产阶级一阶级统治的国家。 现代殖民地半殖民地的革命,乃小资产阶级、半小资产阶级、半无产阶级这三个阶级合作的革命,欠资产阶级是附属于帝国主义成了反革命势力,中产阶级是介于革命与反革命之间动摇不定,实际革命的乃小资产、半无产、无产这三个阶级成立的一个革命的联合。其对象是国际帝国主义;其目的是建立一个革命民众合作统治的国家;……其结果是要达到建设各革命民众统治的国家。 摘自1925年冬毛泽东:《国民党右派分离的原因及其对于革命前途的影响》 材料2 中华苏维埃共和国的根本法(宪法)的任务,在于保证苏维埃区域工农民主专政的政权达到它在全中国的胜利,这个专政的目的,是在消灭一切封建残余,赶走帝国主义列强在华的势力,统一中国,有系统地限制资本主义的发展,进行国家的经济建设,提高无产阶级的团结力与觉悟程度,团结广大的贫农群众在他的周围,以转变到无产阶级专政。 中国苏维埃政权所建立的是工人的农民的民主专政的国家。苏维埃全部政权是属于工人农民红军兵士及一切劳苦民众的。在苏维埃政权下,所有工人农民红军兵士及一切劳苦民众都有权选派代表掌握政权的管理。只有军阀、官僚、地主、豪绅、资本家、富农、僧侣及一切剥削人的人和反革命分子,是没有选派代表参加政权和政治上的自由权利的。 中华苏维埃共和国之最高政权为全国工农兵会议(苏维埃)的大会。 摘自1931年11月7日《中华苏维埃共和国宪法大纲》 材料3 如果说,我们过去的政府是工人、农民和城市小资产阶级联盟的政府,那么,从现在起,应当改变为除了工人、农民和城市小资产阶级以外,还要加上一切其他阶级中愿意参加民族革命的分子。 在目前,这个政府的基本任务是反对日本帝国主义吞并中国。这政府的成分将扩大到广泛的范围,不但那些只对民族革命有兴趣的而对土地革命没有兴趣的人,可以参加,就是那些同欧美帝国主义有关系,不能反对欧美帝国主义,却可以反对日本帝国主义及其走狗的人们,只要他们愿意,也可以参加。 要把工农共和国改变为人民共和国……这是因为日本侵略的情况变动了中国的阶级关系,不但小资产阶级,而且民族资产阶级,有了参加抗日斗争的可能。 摘自1935年12月27日毛泽东:《论反对日本帝国主义的策略》 材料4 现在所要建立的中华民主共和国,只能是在无产阶级领导下的一切反帝反封建的人们联合专政的民主共和国,这就是新民主主义的共和国。 这种新民主主义的共和国,一方面和旧形式的、欧美式的、资产阶级专政的、资本主义的共和国相区别,……另一方面,也和苏联式的,无产阶级专政的、社会主义的共和国相区别。 至于还有所谓“政体”问题,……没有适当形式的政权机关,就不能代表国家。中国现在可以采取全国人民代表大会、省人民代表大会、县人民代表大会、区人民代表大会直到乡人民代表大会的系统,并由各级代表大会选举政府。……这种制度即是民主集中制。 国体——各革命阶级联合专政。政体——民主集中制。这就是新民主主义政治,这就是新民主主义的共和国,这就是抗日统一战线的共和国。 摘自1940年1月毛泽东:《新民主主义论》 材料5 中国人民在几十年中积累起来的一切经验,都叫我们实行人民民主专政,……人民是什么在中国,在现阶段,是工人阶级,农民阶级,城市小资产阶级和民族资产阶级。这些阶级在工人阶级和共产党的领导下,团结起来组成自己的国家,选举自己的政府,向着帝国主义的走狗即地主阶级和官僚资产阶级以及代表这些阶级的国民党反动派及其帮凶们实行专政,实行独裁,压迫这些人,只许他们规规矩矩,不许他们乱说乱动。……对于人民内部,则实行民主制度,人民有议论集会结社等项的自由权,选举权,只给人民不给反动派。这两方面,对人民内部的民主方面和对反动派的专政方面,互相结合起来,就是人民民主专政。 人民民主专政的基础是工人阶级、农民阶级和城市小资产阶级的联盟,而主要是工人和农民的联盟,因为这两个阶级占了中国人口的百分之八十到九十。 摘自1949年6月30日毛泽东:《论人民民主专政》 请回答: (1)阅读材料1,并给以简要的评价。 (2)阅读材料2和3,指出其中的变化并分析原因。 (3)比较材料4和5,分析其历史背景和理论发展。 (4)结合上述材料,说明毛泽东和中国共产党在政权建设方面的经验和理论贡献。

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Some people believe that imitational sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only, was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests. One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey(曲棍球) final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said:" This wasn’’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished." The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years." The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals. Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism. The basketball example implied that______.

A. too much patriotism was displayed in the incident
B. the announcement to prolong the match was wrong
C. the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decision
D. the American team was right in rejecting the silver medals

Some people believe that imitational sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only, was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests. One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey(曲棍球) final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said:" This wasn’’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished." The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years." The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals. Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism. What did the manager mean by saying,"... Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished"

A. His team would no longer take part in international games.
B. Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions.
C. There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation.
D. The Federation should be dissolved.

Some people believe that imitational sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only, was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests. One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey(曲棍球) final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said:" This wasn’’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished." The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years." The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals. Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism. According to the author, recent Olympic Games have______.

A. created goodwill between the nations
B. bred only false national pride
C. barely showed any international friendship
D. led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred

M: How did you get started in jazz singingW: It was a zigzag mute. I went from country music to singing madrigals, to singing folk, to opera, and then to jazz. People kept offering me differ ent projects, saying ’Well, I know that you have never done this before, so maybe you might not want to’ and I would say, ’ Oh, sure. I’ll try it. ’ So I went from form to form, to form and that is how.M: Are you going to keep moving around or are you stuck on jazz singing nowW: I think jazz is where I’m going to stay. I feel the most comfortable here, I have the most freedom here.M: When were the sessions for this album originally doneW: The session was done in Sept. of 1998 we mixed it down the second week of October, and nothing was done with it. I was busy for five and half years in a life of death battle with a portion of the government’ a le gal battle’ that I bad. So I had to drop everything to deal with it.M: Does anyone in your family have a musical backgroundW: I was brought up in a family that had an awful lot of musicians, and none of them took anything I was doing very seriously at all. I was actually the family joke. I just did this music to get it out of my system. I did not expect anyone to pay much attention to it. I just knew that I had to say it.M: Tbanks for talking with us, best wishes for your career.W: Thank you! What is Devorah Day going to sing in future().

A. Continue to sing jazz.
B. Transfer to opera.
C. Whatever songs she is offered.
D. She is not sure.

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