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阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，清根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A项；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B项；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C项。 Plants in Desert Only special plants can survive the terrible climate of a desert, for these are regions when the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75℃. Furthermore, during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plans from the sun’ s ray. Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds that drive small, sharp particles of sand into the plants,earing and damaging them. The most difficult probiem for all forms of plant life, however, is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring. Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long, hot, dry season in the form of seeds. These seeds remain inactive unless the fight amount of’rain falls. If no rain falls, or if insufficient rain falls, they wait until the next year, or even still the next. Another factor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short. By the time the water from the spring rains disappears — just a few weeks after it falls — such plants no longer need any. The perennials (多年生植物) have special features that enable them to survive as plants for several years. Thus, nearly all desert perennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground. The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in short time. The small shoot system, on the other hand, considerably limits water loss by evaporation. Another feature of many perennials is that after the rainy season they 10se their leaves in preparation for the long, dry season, just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter. This reduces their water loss by evaporation (蒸发) duing the dry season. Then, in next rainy season, they come fully alive once more, and grow new branches, leaves and flowers, just as the grasses and flowers in desert do. The shoot system of perennials can help the plants absorb less of the sun’ s ray.
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Directions:You are going to read a text about The Big Melt, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Say goodbye to the world’s tropical glaciers and ice caps. Many will vanish within 20 years. When Lonnie Thompson visited Peru’s Quelccaya ice cap in 1977, he couldn’t help noticing a school-bus-size boulder that was upended by ice pushing against it. Thompson returned to the same spot last year, and the boulder was still there, but it was lying on its side. The ice that once supported the massive rock had retreated far into the distance, leaving behind a giant lake as it melted away.Foe Thompson, a geologist with Ohio State University’s Byrd Polar Research Center, the rolled-back rock was an obvious sign of climate change in the Andes Mountains. "Observing that over 25 years personally really brings it home," he says. "Your don’t have to be a believer in global warming to see what’s happening."41. Thawed ice caps in the tropics.Quelccaya is the largest ice cap in the tropics, but it isn’t the only one that is melting, according to decades of research by Thompson’s team. No tropical glaciers are currently known to be advancing, and Thompson predicts that many mountaintops will be completely melted within the next 20 years.42. Situation in areas other than the tropics.The phenomenon isn’t confined to the tropics. Glaciers in Europe, Russia, new Zealand, the United States, and elsewhere are also melting.43. The worsening effects of global warming.For many scientists, the widespread melt-down is a clear sign that humans are affecting global climate, primarily by raising the levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.44. Receding ice caps.That’s not to say that glaciers, currently found on every continent except Australia, haven’t melted in the past as a result of natural variability. These rivers of ice exist in a delicate balance between inputs (accumulating snow and ice) and outputs (melting and "calving" of large chunks of ice). Over time, the balance can tilt in either direction, causing glaciers to advance or retreat. What’s different now is the speed at which the scales have tipped. "We’ve been surprised at how rapid the rate of retreat has been," says Thompson. His team began mapping one of the main glaciers flowing out of the Quelccaya ice cap in 1978, using satellite images and ground surveys.45. Thinning ice cores.And its’ not just the margin of the ice cap that is melting. At Quelccaya and Mount Kilimanjaro, the researchers have found that the ice fields are thinning as well. Besides mapping ice caps and glaciers, Thompson and his colleagues have taken core samples from Quelccaya since 1976, when the ice at the drilling location was 154 meters thick.Thompson and his colleagues have also drilled ice cores from other locations in South America, Africa, and China. Trapped within each of these cores is a climate record spanning more than 8,000 years. It shows that the past 50 years are the warmest in history.The 4-inch-thick ice cores are now stored in freezers at Ohio State. On the future, says Thompson, that may be the only place to see what’s left of the glaciers of Africa and Peru.[A] The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, prepared by hundreds of scientists and approved by government delegates from more than 100 nations, states. "There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities." The report, released in January, says that the planet’s average surface temperature increased by about 0. 6℃ during the 20th century, and is projected to increase another 1.4℃ to 5.8℃ by 2100. That rate of warming is "with-out precedent during at least the last 10,000 years," says the IPCC.[B] Alaska’s massive Bering and Columbia Glaciers located in nontropical regions, for example, have receded by more than 10 kilometers during the past century. And a study by geologists at the University of Colorado at Boulder predicts that Glacier National Park in Montana, under the influence of melting, will lose all of its glaciers by 2070.[C] For example, about 97 per cent of the planet’s water is seawater. Another 2 per cent is locked in icecaps and glaciers. There are also reserves of fresh water under the earth’s surface but these are too deep for us to use economically.[D] For example, Africa’s Mount Kilimanjaro in tropical areas has lost 82 percent of its ice field since it was first mapped in 1912. That year, Kilimanjaro had 12.1 square kilometers of ice. By last year, the ice covered only 2.2 square kilometers. At the current rate of melting, the snows of Kilimanjaro that Ernest Hemingway wrote about will be gone within 15 years, Thompson estimates. "But it probably will happen sooner, because the rate is speeding up."[E] "I fully expect to be able to return there in a dozen years or so and see the marks on the rock where our drill bit punched through the ice," says Thompson. If that happens, it will mean that a layer of ice more than 500 feet thick has vanished into thin air.[F] The glacier, Qori Kalis, was then retreating by 4. 9 meters per year. Every time the scientists returned, Qori Kalis was melting faster. Between 1998 and 2000, it was retreating at a rate of 155 meters per years (more than a foot per day), 32 times faster than in 1978. "You can almost sit there and watch it move," says Thompson. 43
Text 4 To us, it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun. Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the 1th century B.C. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East, in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high office. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France, and later on in England. By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It was not until the twentieth century that women’ s umbrella began to be made, in a whole variety of colors. In Europe, the umbrella was first used against the rain ______.
第三篇 Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass In January, 2003, the eastern two thirds of the United States was at the mercy of a bitterly cold air mass that has endangered Florida’s citrus trees, choked 3 northern harbors with ice and leftbewildered residents of North Carolina’s Outer Banks digging out of up to a foot of snow. The ice chill deepened as temperatures fell to the single digits in most of the South, with an unfamiliar dip below the freezing mark, as far South as parts of interior South Florida. Temperatures in Florida plunged, with West Palm Beach dropping to a record low of 2 degrees. "We couldn’t believe how cold it was," said Martin King, who arrived this week in Orlando from England "We brought shorts, T-shirt, and I had to go out and buy another coat." The temperature plunge posed a threat to Florida’s USS 9.1 billion-a-year citrus crop, more of which is still on the trees. Growers were hurrying to harvest as much of the fruit as possible before it was damaged by cold. "Time is of the essence in getting fruit to the plant," said Tom Rogers, a citrus grower who expected to see damage to oranges and grapefruit at that time. In Florida, Governor Jeb Bush signed an emergency order to eliminate the weight limit on trucks so citrus growers could get as much fruit to market as possible. Casey Pace, a spokeswoman for Florida Citrus Mutual, said growers had sprayed trees with sprinklers, which created a layer of ice and helped maintain a temperature near freezing. Citrus trees are considered in danger of damage if the temperature drops below minus 2 degrees Celsius for four hours or more. Snow ranging from a dusting to up to 30 centimeters blanketed the Carolinas, Tennessee and parts of Virginia. citrus n. 柠檬，柑橘；柑橘属果树 bewilder v. 使迷惑；使为难；……弄糊涂 sprinklern. 洒水器；洒水手 Celsius adj.摄氏的 shorts n. 宽松运动裤；男式短衬裤 Which statement is NOT true according to the last paragraph
第二节 完型填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 From Monday until Friday (36) people are busy working or studying, but in the evenings and (37) weekends they are free to enjoy themselves. Some watch TV or go to the movies; (38) take part in sports. It depends on individual (39) . There are many different ways to spend our (40) time. (41) . everyone has some kind of hobby. It may be (42) from collecting stamps to (43) model planes. Some hobbies are very (44) ; others don’t cost (45) at all. Some collections (收藏品) are (46) a lot of money; others are valuable only (47) their owners. I know a man who (48) a coin collection worth thousands of dollars. A short time ago, he got a (49) fifty cent piece by (50) $250. He was very happy about his collection and thought the price was (51) . On the contrary, my youngest brother (52) match boxes. He has almost 6,000 of them. But I (53) if they are worth any money. However, for my brother they are very (54) . Nothing makes him (55) than to find a new match box for his collection.
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