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采购质量管理的内容包括:一是采购部门本身的质量管理;二是对供应商的评估、认证、监督以及产品的验收;三是采购质量管理体系建立和运转。请对第一和第三项工作主要内容进行阐述。
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Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. What does the speaker say about bird watching（）
Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand (缕) of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair."You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in your hair," said Tilure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While U. S. diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rain clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素). The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U. S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 55 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of rain systems."It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位) ," Cerling said. "it’s good for eliminating many possibilities. "Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming."It’s still a substantial area," Park said. " But it narrows it way down for me. " What is the practical value of Ceiling’s research（）
某公司2008年10月发生下列业务：(1) 将1楼门店出租给甲企业作网吧，取得租金收入40000元。(2) 将闲置的办公室提供给社区作为社区儿童阅览室，出租价格为每月20000元。(3) 该公司所属商店(小规模纳税人)销售商品取得销售收入价税合计62400元，购进货物支付货款51000元，支付运费2000元。购买税控收款机，取得普通发票注明支付价税合计金额2340元。(4) 从汽车贸易公司购进一辆轿车，取得增值税专用发票，注明金额200000元、增值税34000元，另向保险公司支付保险费6000元，向车辆登记管理机关支付车辆牌照费200元。(5) 开办中医按摩室，取得收入100000元，本月向国外派中医按摩师提供按摩服务，取得收入240000元。(6) 举办文化讲座取得门票收入150000元：支付场租20000元、劳务费10000元。(7) 2006年11月以本公司原值为4000000元的房产作抵押，向某商业银行贷款2400000元，贷款期限2年，年利率5%，该房产购入价为3600000元，购入后发生装修等其他费用共计400000元。合同规定，抵押期间该房产由银行使用，公司不再支付利息。贷款本月底到期，公司无力偿还贷款，经双方协商，银行将所抵押的房产收归已有，核定房产价值为4500000元，银行向该公司支付了补价2100000元。(8) 该公司保龄球馆本月开业，并成立顾客会员俱乐部，向会员收取会费400000元，本月保龄球馆经营收入200000元，发生经营支出80000元。(9) 转让土地使用权，取得转让收入8000000元，转让时发生相关税费128000元；取得该土地使用权时支付土地出让金5600000元、相关税费 200000元。根据上述资料和税法的有关规定，回答下列问题。 2008年10月该公司应纳增值税（）元。
How Do You See DiversityAs a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company. During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.He had a perfect résumé and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said "untrustworthy," so she decided to offer the job to her second choice."It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person," Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s "different" behavior was simply a, cultural misunderstanding. He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting (避开) your eyes."I was just thrown off by the lack of eye contact; not realizing it was cultural," Tiffany says. "I missed out, but will not miss that opportunity again."Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our understanding of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions.Hire AdvantageAt a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult, employers who can eliminate invalid biases (偏见) from the process have a distinct advantage. My company, Mindsets LLC, helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots. A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make."During my Mindsets coaching session, I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets. The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company. When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession. "Blinded by GenderDale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce. "Through one of the sessions, I discovered my personal bias," he recalls. "I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person, and being open to differences." In his case, the blindness was not about culture but rather gender."I had a management position open in my department; and the two finalists were a man and a woman. Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel. My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position, I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel, " Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce."I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation, I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision." Dale credits the workshop, "because it helped me make decisions based on fairness."Year of the Know-It-AllDoug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops. He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee."’ One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year. In my ignorance, I assumed he had his dates wrong, as the first of January had just passed. When I advised him of this, I gave him a long talking to about turning in requests early with the proper dates."He patiently waited, then when I was done, he said he would like Chinese New Year off, not the Western New Year. He explained politely that in his culture the new year did not begin January first, and that Chinese New Year, which is tied to the lunar cycle, is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar. Needless to say, I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up. But I learned a great deal about assumptions, and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture."Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees, rather than malting assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all," Doug admits. "The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more ’inclusive’ to-differences."A Better Bottom LineAn open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally, it is profitable as well. These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales. "Most of my customers speak English as a second language. One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone. It wasn’t until my boss received Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service. As a result, our customer base has increased. "Once we start to see people as individuals, and discard the stereotypes, we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone. Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities. It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity.When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc. , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values. We need to train ourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us, creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone. Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from（）
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