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案例1在美国单元货载系统（从发货到将货物装上托盘或装入集装箱、敞车、棚车、容器，使一定数量的货物，成为一个大件进行运输和保管的机制）十分发达。欧美的托盘化复合一贯运输发展很快，可以说是一贯托盘化的先进国。日本现在仍处于以人工装卸为中心的后进状态，说日本是一个后进国一点儿也不为过。在日本，1949年试验采用托盘，1970年制定了JIS（日本工业标准）。20多年来有许多厂家和运输业者采用托盘，但多采用符合自己公司的商品和设施的规格。因此，一般在自己公司中使用，而且主要用来搬运和保管，很少在运输中使用。可以说企业之间基本上没有采用一贯托盘制。日本的托盘数估计为三亿个左右（平均每人两个多一点）。托盘种类在1000种以上，然而符合JIS规格的较少。符合JIS规格的托盘普及率估计为30%。使用最多的托盘是1100毫米×1100毫米规格，普及率约为20%。目前日本只是在汽车及汽车零部件厂家等同一企业或企业集团内部实行托盘一贯化，啤酒业、部分日用杂货业、石油化工业等同一行业内部也实行，其他企业还根本没有达到一贯托盘化的程度。日本在托盘化方面还存在许多不足，如接收单位尚未确立搬运托盘化体制，运输部门使用托盘没有优惠措施，托盘通用机制还没有建立，托盘费用较之欧美高出2-3倍。1．一贯托盘运输对物流而言具有哪些意义2．为何在日本托盘化没有在欧美普及
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Michelle Stevens4121 Moss St.St. Petersburg, FL 59340Dear Valued Banking Customer: We here at Florida National Bank have always promised to put you and your banking needs first. Now, we are happy to introduce a policy change that we think (141) the international transactions of our customers. Starting next month, we will begin (142) all bank fees on both incoming and outgoing wire transfers for international banking transactions. In the current economic climate, we believe it is wise to encourage our clients to deal internationally, not discourage them. This fee cancellation should do just that, and it’s another example of how we’re working (143) our customers. Thank you for your continued support, Dick Johnson CEO, Florida National Bank
The World Hunger Council is committed to doing all we can to fight the problems of hunger and poverty in our world. To this end, we are putting on a "Race Against Hunger" event on the weekend on August 21 st. The primary (144) of this event is to raise money for the council’s upcoming charity drive for Africa, where we will be partnering with the organization Food Relief to deliver food supplies to rural African villages. We (145) with Food Relief many times in the past and are quite confident in their ability to help us in this endeavor. Anyone interested in participating in the race should register at http://hungerrace.org. Also, all racers will be required to raise $150, 100% of which will go towards ending hunger in Africa. Questions about the event can be directed to Pam Smith, charity for the World Hunger Council, at 555-2940. Thank you for fighting with us to make the world a better place, and see you at the race!
Michelle Stevens4121 Moss St.St. Petersburg, FL 59340Dear Valued Banking Customer: We here at Florida National Bank have always promised to put you and your banking needs first. Now, we are happy to introduce a policy change that we think (141) the international transactions of our customers. Starting next month, we will begin (142) all bank fees on both incoming and outgoing wire transfers for international banking transactions. In the current economic climate, we believe it is wise to encourage our clients to deal internationally, not discourage them. This fee cancellation should do just that, and it’s another example of how we’re working (143) our customers. Thank you for your continued support, Dick Johnson CEO, Florida National Bank
Who will meet with the president on Tuesday
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