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Questions 35-39Complete the table below.Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Elements of Stage 2ConsiderationsBudget Planning-most challenging element-try to plan (35) Allocation of Time-dependent on (36) - (37) used to identify tasks andschedules in units of work(38) -outlined in tender documents-help for this element can be obtained from (39) Manager 35（）
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Questions 1-3Complete the Student Profile below.Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.STUDENT PROFILE-GRISHAM COLLEGEStudent Number: (1) -EXTName: Jack LARASSY Course: Master of Linguistics School of Languages ＆Date of Birth: (2) ______ /______/ 1979 LiteracyAddress: (3) Avenue CHELMSFORD, CM3 94Y 1（）
The Nature of DisputesTo resolve a dispute means to turn opposing positions into a single outcome. The two parties may choose to focus their attention on one or more of three basic factors. They may seek to reconcile their interests, determine who is right, and/or determine who is more powerful.41．______Interests are needs, desires, concerns, fears—the things one cares about or wants. They provide the foundation for a person’s or an organization’s position in a dispute. In a dispute, not only do the interests of one party not coincide with those of the other party, but they are in conflict. For example, the director of sales for an electronics company gets into a dispute with the director of manufacturing over the number of TV models to produce. The director of sales wants to produce more models because her interest is in selling TV sets; more models mean more choice for consumers and hence increased sales. The director of manufacturing, however, wants to produce fewer models. His interest is in decreasing manufacturing costs and more models mean higher costs.42．______Reconciling such interests is not easy. It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative solutions, and making tradeoffs and compromises where interests are opposed. The most common procedure for doing this is negotiation, the act of communication intended to reach agreement. Another interests based procedure is mediation, in which a third party assists the disputants, the two sides in the dispute, in reaching agreement.43．______By no means do all negotiations (or mediations) focus on reconciling interests. Some negotiations focus on determining who is right, such as when two lawyers argue about whose case has the greater merit. Other negotiations focus on determining who is more powerful, such as when quarrelling neighbors or nations exchange threats and counter threats. Often negotiations involve a mix of all threesome attempts to satisfy interests, some discussion of rights, and some references to relative power.44．______It is often complicated to attempt to determine who is right in a dispute. Although it is usually straightforward where rights are formalised in law, other rights take the form of unwritten but socially accepted standards of behavior, such as reciprocity, precedent, equality, and seniority.There are often different — and sometimes contradictory standards that apply to rights. Reaching agreement on rights, where the outcome will determine who gets what, can often be so difficult that the parties frequently turn to a third party to determine who is right. The most typical rights procedure, in which disputants present evidence and arguments to a neutral third party who has the power to make a decision that must be followed by both disputants. (In mediation, by contrast, the third party does not have the power to decide the dispute.) Public adjudication is provided by courts and administrative agencies. Private adjudication is provided by arbitrators.45．______A third way to resolve a dispute is on the basis of power. We define power, somewhat narrowly, as the ability to pressure someone to do something he would not otherwise do. Exercising power typically means imposing costs on the other side or threatening to do so. The exercise of power takes two common forms: acts of aggression, such as physical attack, and withholding the benefits that derive from a relationship, as when employees stop working in a strike. 43（）
SECTION 2: QUESTIONS 11-20Questions 11-13Choose the correct letter from A-C for each answer. It is difficult to chase the thieves because （）
A person’s home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends he spends his time with. Depending on personality, most people have in mind a (n)" (1) home". But in general, and especially for the students or new wage earners, there are practical (2) of cash and location on achieving that idea.Cash (3) , in fact, often means that the only way of (4) when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things are (5) financially. There are obvious (6) of living at home-personal laundry is usually (7) done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to (8) . And there is (9) the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc.On the other hand, this (10) depends on how a family gets on. Do your parents like your friends You may love your family— (11) do you like them Are you prepared to be (12) when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you are expected to be back If you find that you cannot manage a (n) (13) , and that you finally have the money to leave, how do you (14) finding somewhere else to liveIf you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are (15) well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always (16) . If you are going to work in a (17) area, again there are the papers—and the accommodation agencies, (18) these should be approached with (19) . Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the (20) of the first week’s rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you. 16（）
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