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TEXT B If there was one thing Americans had a right to expect from Congress, it was a federal plan to help the elderly pay for prescription drugs. It is a promise that has been made again and again—in particularly high decibels during the last presidential election. The House and Senate have passed bills, and although both are flawed, this page has urged Congress to finish work on them as a first step toward fulfilling this longstanding commitment. Unfortunately, things have changed. The government cannot afford the program now. That is the fault of President Bush and the Republican majorities in the House and Senate. They broke the bank with their enormous tax cuts. The country is facing the largest budget deficit in history, and there is no realistic plan for getting it under control. The limited version of a prescription drug benefit now being considered in Congress would cost about $ 400 billion over 10 years. Older Americans had a right to expect that help, but they do not have a right to demand it, not when it would be financed by borrowing, with the hills to be paid by their grandchildren. Mr. Bush, a specialist in pain avoidance, told people that they could have the programs they wanted-- prescription drugs for the elderly, better schools for children--along with modest tax cuts for the middle class and whoppers for the wealthy. When 9/11 occurred, the president simply added the war on terror, and then the war on Saddam Hussein, to the list. For all his talk about fiscal conservatism, Mr. Bush has never vetoed a spending bill, even the obscene $180 billion farm Subsidy program. To pay for it all, he simply increased the deficit. Deficits in and of themselves are not necessarily a problem, but the current one is frightening for two reasons. One is its size: projected at well above $ 500 billion for next year, and approaching 5 percent of the gross domestic product. The other is its permanence. Cutting taxes temporarily to fight the recession made sense, but the Bush tax cuts are meant to be permanent---even though Congress gave most of them a phony 10-year expiration date in an attempt to mask their effect. Dropping the proposal is, of course, just what a large chunk of the Republican Party was hoping for all along. For those Republicans, deficits are a useful tool to beat back popular entitlement programs—a "starve the beast" strategy, in the words of Ronald Reagan’s budget director. Democrats in Congress, meanwhile, rail against the deficit, but they are still pushing for the prescription drug plan. Like the tax-cutters, they are simply building up to some sort of financial Armageddon like soaring interest rates or a collapsing dollar—and hoping that blame will fall on the other party. Our answer is different. The people have to decide whether they want tax cuts or programs like the prescription drug plan, It’s true that the tax-cut radicals will win this round. But then we will have an election. What is the purpose of cutting taxes temporarily
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In this section there are several reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT A The music industry, hurt by a decline in CD sales and the continued free swapping of files on the Internet, took the drastic action last week filing more than 250 lawsuits against consumers. But whatever catharsis record executives and their lawyers may feel, the courts cannot solve the music industry’s fundamental problem. Nor does the answer lie in getting people to pay for each music file they download from the Internet. Instead of clinging to late-20th-century distribution technologies, like the digital disk and the down- loaded file, the music business should move into the 21st century with a revamped business model using innovative technology, several industry’s experts say. They want the music industry to do unto the file-swapping services what the services did unto the music companies—eclipse them with better technology and superior customer convenience. Their vision might be called "everywhere Internet audio". Music fans instead of downloading files on KaZaA—whether they were using computers, home stereos, radios or handheld devices--would have access to all music the record companies hold in their vaults. Listeners could request that any song be immediately streamed to them via the Internet. If consumers could do this, the argument goes, they would have no interest in amassing thousands of songs on their hard drives. There would be no "theft" of music, because no one would bother to take possession of the song. To clinch music fans’ loyalty to the new system, and make them willing to pay for it, the music companies and the supporting industry would need to provide attractively priced, easy-to-use services to give consumers full access to the hundreds of thousands of songs available to them. Consumers could still ask for song titles or artists, as they do now on KaZaA. But they could also, for example request rock ’n’ roll tunes like Hat that appeared for more than three weeks in Billboard’s Top 10 during the 1960’ s. Or they could ask for early 1990’s guitarists that sound like Eric Clapton, or new mists similar in style to Alanis Morissette. Requests could be intricate, like asking for music subsequently recorded by the original members of the Lovin’s Spoonful. Or they could be simple, like requesting light jazz for dinner-party background music. The system would be interactive and could learn each user’s tastes. As listeners voted thumbs up or down to tunes (should they choose to), the service would amend their personal libraries accordingly. If it worked, it would be as if we each had our own private satellite radio channels—customizable collection of tunes for hundreds of millions of audiences of one. It is a compelling business model, and the current music companies, as the owners of the content, could be at the fore of the system. A tiny taste of such an approach is available on Internet radio networks like live365.com. On such services, listeners can essentially customize a radio station to their individual tastes. But crucial to the future of everywhere Internet audio, many believe, lies in widespread wireless Internet access, because wireless means portability. "Wireless gives the record companies a chance to do it all over again, and this time get it right," said Jim Griffin, the former head of technology at Geffen Records and now the chief executive of the music publisher Cherry Lane Digital. Mr. Griffin is also a founder of pholist.org, home of an active online discussion of music’ s future on the Internet. Many of the brightest industry insiders, academies, lawyers, musicians, industry critics, broadcasters and venture capitalists assemble at pholist.org daily to debate the music business beyond downloading. Many say wireless holds the key. Myriad portable devices already offer Internet access. Some, like the BlackBerry, maintain an always-on wireless Internet connection. Some business-oriented devices, like the Palm Tungsten, now play high-fidelity music in the MP3 format. Newer cellphones also offer MP3 functions, and include extra features like digital cameras and FM radios. The seers once thought portable devices would connect to the Internet via cellphone technology. But it now appears that Hi-Fi hotspots,-wireless Internet access hubs—may eventually provide blanket cover- age in urban areas and became the dominant means of connection. But there are big obstacles to overcome. To make "everywhere Internet audio" profitable, the music industry must develop a system to collect money from users and divide it fairly among performers, song-writers and others involved in creating music. How this would work is already causing hot debate. Mr. Griffin and many others in the pholist.org discussion advocate an Internet fee that would create a revenue pool to be distributed according to song popularity. Current recording industry sales in the United States work out to about $2.50 a month per person. As CD’s sales declined, a digital musical Surcharge, or something similar, could be assessed by Intemet providers. At regular intervals, the industry could sample what music is being streamed to users, to determine the distribution of money to the responsible parties. By using sampling, as opposed to detailed census techniques, listeners would not have to worry about invasions of their privacy. This idea would turn the recording industry’s business model upside down. Institutions are genetically averse to massive change. But the payoff could be huge. Right now, for example, the industry incurs large costs from its CD distribution model. The industry also has many intermediaries, including distributors and promoters. To take a band from obscurity to popularity is expensive, but that is what music labels must do if they want shelf space at the record store. Recording companies are in constant quest of superstars, because fewer than 10 percent of CDs released make a profit. Revenues generated by the best sellers must try to cover the losses incurred by less popular releases. In this context, the Internet could be a godsend to musicians as well. It can distribute a digital copy of a song to a few or to millions of listeners with virtually no cost difference. Music companies would have more incentive to nurture minor artists. As a society and culture, many argue, we would be much better served by such an approach. Market forces, alone would not produce such a system. It would take enormous industry cooperation, which could only occur with government approval, lest it be deemed a violation of antitrust laws. The need for cooperation and leadership is clear. Children should not wind up in court because they are fanatical about their favorite pop stars. If the music industry devised an affordable, equitable, and convenient alternative to file sharing, the fans would come, money in hand. ______ has tried such an approach as "everywhere Internet audio".
函数ReadDat()的功能是实现从文件IN8.DAT中读取一篇英文文章存入到字符串数组xx中：请编制函数StrCharJP()，该函数的功能是：以行为单位把字符串中的所有字符的ASCII值右移4位，然后把右移后的字符的ASCII值再加上原字符的ASCII值，得到新的字符，并存入原字符串对应的位置上。最后把已处理的字符串按行重新存入字符串数组xx中，并调用函数WriteDat()把结果xx输出到文件OUT8.DAT中。原始数据文件存放的格式是：每行的宽度均小于80个字符，含标点符号和空格。 注意：部分源程序已给出。 请勿改动主函数main()、读函数ReadDat()和写函数WriteDat()的内容。 试题程序： #include＜stdio.h＞ #include＜String.h＞ #include＜conio.h＞ char xx [50] [80]； int maxline=0；/* 文章的总行数 *／ int ReadDat(void)； void WriteDat(void)； void StrCharJR(void) main() Clrscr()； if(ReadDat()) printf("数据文件IN8.DAT不能打开!\n\007")； return； StrCharJR()； WriteDat ( ); int ReadDat (void) FILE *fp; int i= 0; char *p ; if ( (fp = fopen("IN8.DAT", "r") ) = =NULL) return 1; while(fgets(xx[i] , 80, fp) !-NULL) p = strchr(xx[i], ’\n’) ; if (p) *p = 0; i++; maxline = i; fclose (fp); return 0; void WriteDat (void) FILE *fp; int i; clrscr (); fp = fopen("OUTS.DAT", "w"); for(i = 0; i ＜ maxline; i++) printf("%s\n", xx[i] ); fprintf(fp, "%s\n", xx[i] ); fclose(fp);
TEXT D A scientist In today’s society we are now seeing more children under the age of twelve developing eating disorders. It is estimated that 40% of nine year olds have already dieted and we axe beginning to see four and five year olds expressing the need to diet. It’s a shame that children so young are being robbed of their childhoods. Why is it that so many young children are becoming obsessed with dieting and their weight I feel the family environment has a lot to do with it, along with the fact that children are constantly being exposed to the message society gives about the importance of being thin. Children raised in a dysfunctional family are at a higher risk for developing an eating disorder. In a home where physical or sexual abuse is taking place, the child may turn to an eating disorder to gain a sense of control. If they can’ t control what is happening to their bodies during the abuse, they can control their food intake or their weight. Self imposed starvation may also be their way of trying to disappear so they no longer have to suffer through the abuse. Children may also develop eating disorders as a way of dealing with the many emotions that they feel, especially if they are raised in a home that does not allow feelings to be expressed. Children who are compulsive eaters axe usually using food to help them deal with feelings of anger, sadness, hurt, loneliness, abandonment, fear and pain. If children are not allowed to express their emotions, they may become emotional eaters. Also, if parents are too involved in their own problems, the child may turn to food for comfort. Children are at a risk for developing an eating disorder if the parents themselves are too preoccupied with appearance and weight. If the parents are constantly dieting and expressing dislike towards their own bodies,the child will receive the message that appearance is very important. In some families the parents mistake baby fat for actual fat and may try to impose a diet on the child. Not only is that not right, it’s cruel. As parents you need to set a good example for your children, which means that you yourself should be involved in healthy eating patterns. Another thing to remember about children is that they eat when they are hungry and they stop when they are full. Never force a child to eat if they don’t want to. Too many families still force children to remain at the table until they have eaten everything on their plate. Doing that could cause the child to hate meal times and develop an unhealthy attitude towards food. Exercise is also an important part of everyone’s life and we need to help our children become involved in physical activity, which means the parents themselves should participate in healthy exercise. Help the child to find activities they enjoy, and activities the whole family can enjoy. They should be taught that physical activity is important in maintaining a strong and healthy body, but they should not be given the message that exercise is important in maintaining a slim figure. Which of the following is the suggestion that the author gives to the parents
TEXT D A scientist In today’s society we are now seeing more children under the age of twelve developing eating disorders. It is estimated that 40% of nine year olds have already dieted and we axe beginning to see four and five year olds expressing the need to diet. It’s a shame that children so young are being robbed of their childhoods. Why is it that so many young children are becoming obsessed with dieting and their weight I feel the family environment has a lot to do with it, along with the fact that children are constantly being exposed to the message society gives about the importance of being thin. Children raised in a dysfunctional family are at a higher risk for developing an eating disorder. In a home where physical or sexual abuse is taking place, the child may turn to an eating disorder to gain a sense of control. If they can’ t control what is happening to their bodies during the abuse, they can control their food intake or their weight. Self imposed starvation may also be their way of trying to disappear so they no longer have to suffer through the abuse. Children may also develop eating disorders as a way of dealing with the many emotions that they feel, especially if they are raised in a home that does not allow feelings to be expressed. Children who are compulsive eaters axe usually using food to help them deal with feelings of anger, sadness, hurt, loneliness, abandonment, fear and pain. If children are not allowed to express their emotions, they may become emotional eaters. Also, if parents are too involved in their own problems, the child may turn to food for comfort. Children are at a risk for developing an eating disorder if the parents themselves are too preoccupied with appearance and weight. If the parents are constantly dieting and expressing dislike towards their own bodies,the child will receive the message that appearance is very important. In some families the parents mistake baby fat for actual fat and may try to impose a diet on the child. Not only is that not right, it’s cruel. As parents you need to set a good example for your children, which means that you yourself should be involved in healthy eating patterns. Another thing to remember about children is that they eat when they are hungry and they stop when they are full. Never force a child to eat if they don’t want to. Too many families still force children to remain at the table until they have eaten everything on their plate. Doing that could cause the child to hate meal times and develop an unhealthy attitude towards food. Exercise is also an important part of everyone’s life and we need to help our children become involved in physical activity, which means the parents themselves should participate in healthy exercise. Help the child to find activities they enjoy, and activities the whole family can enjoy. They should be taught that physical activity is important in maintaining a strong and healthy body, but they should not be given the message that exercise is important in maintaining a slim figure. What kind of message does the society give to the children who are becoming obsessed with dieting and their weight
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