题目内容
Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1804. Hawthorne’s father was a sea captain. He died of fever when Hawthorne was only four. Hawthorne’s childhood was not particularly abnormal, as many famous authors have claimed to have. Hawthorne attended Bowdoin College and graduated after four years. After graduation, he returned to Salem. Contrary to his family’s expectations, Hawthorne did not begin to read law or enter business, rather he moved into his mother’s house to turn himself into a writer. Hawthorne’s first novel, Fanshawe, was published anonymously in 1828 at his own expense. Because of a lack of sales, Hawthorne recalled every copy he could find of the book and destroyed them. When a local printer delayed publishing his Seven Tales of My Native Land, Hawthorne withdrew the manuscript and burned it in a mood half-savage, half-despairing. He had destroyed other stories before publication because he thought they were "morbid." In 1837, at the age of thirty-two, Hawthorne published his first collection, Twice-Told Tales. Longfellow, the most popular poet of the day, gave it a flattering review. New York magazine editors read it and offered him jobs. Two years later, Hawthorne married Sophia. Hawthorne soon realized that supporting a wife was not as easy as he anticipated it to be. He could never manage it by Writing stories, so he decided to leave Salem for a political appointment as measurer of coal and salt in the Boston customhouse. The contrast between his old ways and this new way of life was a shock for Hawthorne. He had hoped to discover what "reality" was like as well as earn a respectable salary, and he gave it a try. After two years, however, he resigned from this "very grievous thralldom." Then Hawthorne moved to Concord, Massachusetts. Hawthorne produced more than twenty tales during three years in Concord, sold them to magazines, and then collected them in Mosses from an Old Manse. His reputation was growing. It took Hawthorne a return to Salem to bring him fame. After three years of dealing with the dullness of the work as a surveyor in the Salem customhouse, he was fired for political reasons. His wife comforted him by saying, "Now you can write your book." In seven months it was finished. In April 1850, The Scarlet Letter was published. Hawthorne called this book "positively a hell-fired story, into which I found it ahnost impossible to throw any cheering light." Some contemporary critics called it "America’s first tragedy". The last fourteen years of Hawthorne’s life were very different from the struggle to be recognized that his entire life had been about. Within a year Hawthorne finished and published another novel named The House of Seven Gables; a story about a Pyncheon family of Salem and Maule’s curse. A year later he published The Blithedale Romance, a satire of Brook Farm. After seven years in Europe, he tried an even more ambitious novel, The Marble Faun. Sadly, none of these novels reached the acclaim that The Scarlet Letter had with critics. The author implies in the passage that Hawthorn’s job at the Boston customhouse made him
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Passage TwoLead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s,were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic(北极的) snow were declining.In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate(区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeasten United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expeeted.Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem(生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists ？（）
Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1804. Hawthorne’s father was a sea captain. He died of fever when Hawthorne was only four. Hawthorne’s childhood was not particularly abnormal, as many famous authors have claimed to have. Hawthorne attended Bowdoin College and graduated after four years. After graduation, he returned to Salem. Contrary to his family’s expectations, Hawthorne did not begin to read law or enter business, rather he moved into his mother’s house to turn himself into a writer. Hawthorne’s first novel, Fanshawe, was published anonymously in 1828 at his own expense. Because of a lack of sales, Hawthorne recalled every copy he could find of the book and destroyed them. When a local printer delayed publishing his Seven Tales of My Native Land, Hawthorne withdrew the manuscript and burned it in a mood half-savage, half-despairing. He had destroyed other stories before publication because he thought they were "morbid." In 1837, at the age of thirty-two, Hawthorne published his first collection, Twice-Told Tales. Longfellow, the most popular poet of the day, gave it a flattering review. New York magazine editors read it and offered him jobs. Two years later, Hawthorne married Sophia. Hawthorne soon realized that supporting a wife was not as easy as he anticipated it to be. He could never manage it by Writing stories, so he decided to leave Salem for a political appointment as measurer of coal and salt in the Boston customhouse. The contrast between his old ways and this new way of life was a shock for Hawthorne. He had hoped to discover what "reality" was like as well as earn a respectable salary, and he gave it a try. After two years, however, he resigned from this "very grievous thralldom." Then Hawthorne moved to Concord, Massachusetts. Hawthorne produced more than twenty tales during three years in Concord, sold them to magazines, and then collected them in Mosses from an Old Manse. His reputation was growing. It took Hawthorne a return to Salem to bring him fame. After three years of dealing with the dullness of the work as a surveyor in the Salem customhouse, he was fired for political reasons. His wife comforted him by saying, "Now you can write your book." In seven months it was finished. In April 1850, The Scarlet Letter was published. Hawthorne called this book "positively a hell-fired story, into which I found it ahnost impossible to throw any cheering light." Some contemporary critics called it "America’s first tragedy". The last fourteen years of Hawthorne’s life were very different from the struggle to be recognized that his entire life had been about. Within a year Hawthorne finished and published another novel named The House of Seven Gables; a story about a Pyncheon family of Salem and Maule’s curse. A year later he published The Blithedale Romance, a satire of Brook Farm. After seven years in Europe, he tried an even more ambitious novel, The Marble Faun. Sadly, none of these novels reached the acclaim that The Scarlet Letter had with critics. Which of the following is NOT stated or implied in the passage
Directions:For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.Recruiting(招募) the right candidate to fill a vacancy can be a difficult and costly task. (31) the wrong person could be an expensive mistake which could cause personal problems for the whole department. And, as every HR(Human Resource) manager knows, it is much more difficult to get rid of someone than it is to (32) them. The HR manager’s first decision is (33) to recruit internal applicants or advertise the vacancy outside the company. (34) applicants are easy to recruit by memo, e-mail, or newsletter. Furthermore, they are easy to assess and know the company well. (35) , they rarely bring fresh ideas to a position. More- over, a rejected internal candidate might become unhappy and leave the company.Recruiting outside the company means either advertising the vacancy directly or (36) an employment agency. If the company decides to advertise the vacancy directly, it has to decide where to place the (37) . Traditionally this has meant newspapers and professional journals but now the Intemet is also very popular. The decision normally depends on the vacancy. Companies advertise blue-collar or clerical jobs in local news- papers and senior management (38) in national papers or professional journals, (39) the Intemet is one of the best ways of advertising IT vacancies or recruiting abroad. However, with the Internet is a risk (40) receiving unsuitable applications from all over the world. 34（）
Passage TwoLead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s,were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic(北极的) snow were declining.In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate(区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeasten United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expeeted.Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem(生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland ？（）
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