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Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era of easy oil is over. What we all do next will (1)_____ how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century and (2)_____. Demand is (3)_____ like never before. As populations grow and economies take (4)_____ millions in the developing world are enjoying the (5)_____ of a lifestyle that requires increasing amounts of energy. (6)_____, some say that in 20 years the world will (7)_____ 40% more oil and gas fields are maturing. And new energy (8)_____ are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult to (9)_____, physically, economically and even politically. When growing demand meets tighter supplies, the result is more (10)_____ for the same resources. We can wait (11)_____ a crisis forces us to do something. Or we can (12)_____ to working together, and start by asking the tough questions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing world and those of (13)_____ nations What role will renewables and (14)_____ energies play What is the best way to protect our environment How do we accelerate our conservation efforts (15)_____ actions we take, we must look not just to next year, (16)_____ to the next 50 years. We believe that innovation, collaboration and conservation are the cornerstones (17)_____ which to build this new world. We cannot do this (18)_____. Corporations, governments and every citizen of this planet must be part of the solution (19)_____ surely as they are part of the problem. We call upon scientists and educators, politicians and policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders of industry and each one of you to be part of (20)_____ the next era of energy.
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Is sitting in traffic as inevitable as death and taxes Perhaps not. Many countries now have dedicated traffic-monitoring centres linked to networks of cameras and sensors. Throw in traffic-spotting aircraft, accident reports and the known positions of buses fitted with satellite-positioning gear, and it is possible to see exactly what is happening on the roads. Drivers could switch from busy to quiet routes and avoid congestion-if only they had access to this information. And now they do. Systems such as the Traffic Message Channel and the Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS), in Europe and Japan respectively, pipe data from traffic centres into in-car navigation systems via FM radio signals. Drivers can see where the traffic is and try to avoid it. Honda, a Japanese carmaker, even combines VICS data with position data from 150,000 vehicles belonging to members of its Premium Club so that they can choose the fastest lane on a congested road, says David Schrier of ABI Research, a consultancy. Meanwhile ITIS, a British company, is one of several firms experimenting with mobile-phone signals to monitor traffic on roads that lack sensors or cameras. Its software hooks into a mobile operator"s network and uses a statistical approach to deduce traffic speeds as phones are "handed off" from one cell tower to another. The data must be cleaned up to exclude pedestrians and cyclists, but this idea has great potential, says Mr. Schrier. Another way to dodge traffic is to predict where and when it will form. In Redmond, Washing ton, at the headquarters of Microsoft, employees have been testing a traffic-prediction system called JamBayes. Users register their route preferences and then receive alerts, by e-mail or text message, warning them of impending traffic jam. JamBayes uses a technique called Bayesian modeling to combine real-time traffic data with historical trends, weather information and a list of calendar events such as holidays. Eric Horvitz of Microsoft, who developed the system, says it is accurate 75% of the time, and 3, 000 employees use it daily. A system called Beat-the-Traffic, developed by Triangle Software of Campbell, California, with funding from the National Science Foundation, goes further. It not only warns drivers of impending traffic but also suggests an alternative route via e-mail or text message. Andre Gueziec, the firm"s boss, thinks traffic forecasts will become as prevalent as weather forecasts. Indeed, in June, KXTV News 10, a TV station in Sacramento, California, began showing Triangle"s traffic forecasts for the coming week. It can be inferred from the passage that
The scourge that"s plaguing cruise lines—and causing thousands of tourists to rethink their holiday travel plans—didn"t start this year, nor did it even start on a ship. It began, as far as the Centers for Disease Control(CDC) can tell, in Norwalk, U.S., in October 1968, when 116 elementary school children and teachers suddenly became iii. The CDC investigated, and the cause was discovered to be a small, spherical, previously unclassified virus that scientists named, appropriately enough, the Norwalk virus. Flash forward 34 years, and Norwalk-like viruses (there"s a whole family of them) are all over the news as one ocean liner after another limps into port with passengers complaining of nausea and vomiting. The CDC, which gets called in whenever more than 2% of a vessel"s passengers come down with the same disease, identified Norwalk as the infectious agent and oversaw thorough ship cleaning—which, to the dismay of the owners of the cruise lines, haven"t made the problem go away. So are we in the middle of an oceangoing epidemic Not according to Dave Forney, chief of the CDC"s vessel-sanitation program. He sees this kind of thing all the time; a similar outbreak on sever al ships in Alaska last year got almost no press. In fact, he says, as far as gastrointestinal illness goes, fewer people may be getting sick this year than last. Norwalk-like viruses, it turns out, are extremely common—perhaps second only to cold viruses-and they tend to break out whenever people congregate in close quarters for more than two or three days. Oceangoing pleasure ships provide excellent breeding grounds, but so do schools, hotels, camps, nursing homes and hospitals. "Whenever we look for this virus," says Dr. Marc Widdowson, a CDC epidemiologist, "we find it." Just last week 100 students (of 500) at the Varsity Acres Elementary School in Calgary, Canada, stayed home sick. School trick Hardly. The Norwalk virus had struck again. If ocean cruises are your idea of fun, don"t despair. This might even be a great time to go shipping for a bargain. The ships have been cleaned. The food and water have been examined and found virus free. According to the CDC, it was probably the passengers who brought the virus aboard. Of course, if you are ill or recovering from a stomach bug, you might do everybody a favor and put off your travel until the infectious period has passed (it can take a couple of weeks). To reduce your chances of getting sick, the best thing to do is wash your hands—frequently and thoroughly—and keep them out of" your mouth. One more thing: if, like me, you are prone to motion sickness, don"t forget to pack your Drama mine. We know from the author"s suggestions that
The scourge that"s plaguing cruise lines—and causing thousands of tourists to rethink their holiday travel plans—didn"t start this year, nor did it even start on a ship. It began, as far as the Centers for Disease Control(CDC) can tell, in Norwalk, U.S., in October 1968, when 116 elementary school children and teachers suddenly became iii. The CDC investigated, and the cause was discovered to be a small, spherical, previously unclassified virus that scientists named, appropriately enough, the Norwalk virus. Flash forward 34 years, and Norwalk-like viruses (there"s a whole family of them) are all over the news as one ocean liner after another limps into port with passengers complaining of nausea and vomiting. The CDC, which gets called in whenever more than 2% of a vessel"s passengers come down with the same disease, identified Norwalk as the infectious agent and oversaw thorough ship cleaning—which, to the dismay of the owners of the cruise lines, haven"t made the problem go away. So are we in the middle of an oceangoing epidemic Not according to Dave Forney, chief of the CDC"s vessel-sanitation program. He sees this kind of thing all the time; a similar outbreak on sever al ships in Alaska last year got almost no press. In fact, he says, as far as gastrointestinal illness goes, fewer people may be getting sick this year than last. Norwalk-like viruses, it turns out, are extremely common—perhaps second only to cold viruses-and they tend to break out whenever people congregate in close quarters for more than two or three days. Oceangoing pleasure ships provide excellent breeding grounds, but so do schools, hotels, camps, nursing homes and hospitals. "Whenever we look for this virus," says Dr. Marc Widdowson, a CDC epidemiologist, "we find it." Just last week 100 students (of 500) at the Varsity Acres Elementary School in Calgary, Canada, stayed home sick. School trick Hardly. The Norwalk virus had struck again. If ocean cruises are your idea of fun, don"t despair. This might even be a great time to go shipping for a bargain. The ships have been cleaned. The food and water have been examined and found virus free. According to the CDC, it was probably the passengers who brought the virus aboard. Of course, if you are ill or recovering from a stomach bug, you might do everybody a favor and put off your travel until the infectious period has passed (it can take a couple of weeks). To reduce your chances of getting sick, the best thing to do is wash your hands—frequently and thoroughly—and keep them out of" your mouth. One more thing: if, like me, you are prone to motion sickness, don"t forget to pack your Drama mine. We can learn from the fourth paragraph that
Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era of easy oil is over. What we all do next will (1)_____ how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century and (2)_____. Demand is (3)_____ like never before. As populations grow and economies take (4)_____ millions in the developing world are enjoying the (5)_____ of a lifestyle that requires increasing amounts of energy. (6)_____, some say that in 20 years the world will (7)_____ 40% more oil and gas fields are maturing. And new energy (8)_____ are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult to (9)_____, physically, economically and even politically. When growing demand meets tighter supplies, the result is more (10)_____ for the same resources. We can wait (11)_____ a crisis forces us to do something. Or we can (12)_____ to working together, and start by asking the tough questions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing world and those of (13)_____ nations What role will renewables and (14)_____ energies play What is the best way to protect our environment How do we accelerate our conservation efforts (15)_____ actions we take, we must look not just to next year, (16)_____ to the next 50 years. We believe that innovation, collaboration and conservation are the cornerstones (17)_____ which to build this new world. We cannot do this (18)_____. Corporations, governments and every citizen of this planet must be part of the solution (19)_____ surely as they are part of the problem. We call upon scientists and educators, politicians and policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders of industry and each one of you to be part of (20)_____ the next era of energy.
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