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Today, one of the major newspaper websites in America stated that free online news reading is approaching its end. The New York Times has turned into the biggest publisher yet to (26) plans for a payment of its digital products, (27) the accepted rule that people who use Internet will not need to pay for news.In order to struggle (28) the disappearance of advertising and a reduction in street corner newspaper sales, The New York Times (29) to take in a "metered" model early in 2011. If readers have (30) a set number of its online articles every month, they will have to pay some charge.As a result, the motion puts the quite old newspaper (31) the charging side which gets a daily-wide gap(鸿沟) in the media industry. One the other hand, other famous newspapers, among which is the Guardian, have expressed they will not (32) those who use Internet to read, and other certain papers, (33) London’s Evening Standard, have racially gone further in giving up readership revenue by the way of delivering (34) editions. Meanwhile, one of the New York Times’ publisher (35) that it is a gamble to move this step: "To a certain extent, this is a (36) , in which the web is going as we think. "With a great number of print (37) —995,000 on weekdays and 1,400,000 on Sundays, The New York Times is the number three bestseller in American, which is (38) the Wall Street Journal and USA Today. (39) most US papers devote to some city, The New York Times is one of the few that can (40) general scope which owns 16 bureaus in the New York area, as well as 11 offices all around the home and (41) 26 bureaus in other parts of the world.However, (42) many media in the publishing industry, the (43) financial crisis is also influencing the newspaper. The New York Times Company, its parent company, possesses 15 papers, but (44) a huge loss of $ 70 million in the past nine months before September, meanwhile, at present, it also accepted a $ 250 million (45) from Carlos Slim, a Mexican billionaire, to balance its capital. 31（）
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To make his pupils over the period is the purpose of the teacher, in which each printed symbol stands for a certain shape, and tries to get a goal that the pupil reads words and phrases for their meaning, rather than noticing the shapes of the separate letters.When focusing on work, an excellent reader does not look at letters, nor even at words one by one; instead, he looks through the meaning of two, three, or four words at one time, in a short time. To concentrate the eyes of a person who is reading, you will find that they do not go through smoothly along the lines of print, but jump over the parts which they are not interested in. The eyes of a very excellent reader move rapidly, taking long jumps and making very short intervals(停顿): in contrast, an awful reader’s eyes move more slowly, there are only short jumps and he stops longer at each interval. When he confronts a problem, he even chooses to turn back to see again what he has already read before.Therefore, the teacher’s task is clear: training his pupils to take in several words at a glance (one eye-jump) and avoid going backwards to read something one more time.This indicates that, it is wrong to use the finger pointing to the word, reading letter-by-letter, or syllable-by-syllable, or word-by-word, carefully staring at each one in turn. The reason why it is improper is that such a method draws the pupil’s eyes down to a very short jump, and the goal is to train for the long jump. Furthermore, a very short jump is not enough to provide any meaning or sense: and it is true that having struggled with three or four words separately, the pupil has to look at them again so as to get the meaning of the whole phrase he reads. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph（）
Maguel de Icaza: People, countries as well as companies have benefited from free software by getting complete controls of the software on which they depend. On the other hand, this is helpful for reducing the digital divide between developed and developing countries. People who might never have had access to this sort of technology are the leaders to bring it to the developing world. A fairer future and a more efficient economy are being built on the basis of free software. Austin Hill: The future is waving to you. Your mobile phone tracks where you are, your interactive TV records what are in your eyes. Privacy refers to the information age what environmentalism mentioned the industrial age. By revealing privacy to promote technologies and building better data controls into every aspect of their operation, businesses will not only protect themselves, but their customers as well. Among every industry will be a leading class of privacy protectors, who as well as their customers will harvest the fruit of the ethical privacy brand. Ng Erie Phang: This will be the year when ordinary old text email rises to a high level and starts talking—and talking a lot. The human voice is a powerful weapon. I couldn’t be told by an email whether you’re happy, upset or excited, while all these key emotional characteristics will be found in Internet voice services. The human voice adds a very powerful element to business relationships which email just cannot match. Murray Goldman: For the people who live on planes, carrying electronic devices on a trip is a key decision. The future is in the proper combination of communications and computing devices. The full computing power of a personal computer will be the necessity of many business travelers, which needs a screen large enough to do intensive work. Therefore, you can find lightweight notebooks in the market with innovative options such as built-in DVDs, cameras and wireless device capabilities. Christine Karman: We’ll lean on some community websites which aim to help people trade goods as well as information exchange. Bold capitalists are in the change from dotcoms to software and hardware companies. That shift is hard to make in Europe, because we don’t have a Silicon Valley where a great many companies are conquering the world. As a result, the slowly emerging Internet and software industry may not take root in Europe. If I were establishing a new software company now, I’d rather go to California or Boston. Statements A Business travelers will follow the trend of future computer market. B Europe will keep up with America in the hi-tech industry. C Privacy needs special protection in the information era. D Voice email attaches a human touch to online communication. E Compactness and multi-function will be popular in the future market. F Free software is beneficial to digital equality. G The digital divide between Europe and the US may become wider. Maguel de Icaza.
You bought a computer a week ago, however, you found it broke down yesterday. So you went to the shop to get exchanged. But the attitude of the shop assistant was arrogant. Write a letter to the manager of the shop, (1) complaining about the shop assistant; (2) expressing your disappointment; (3) hoping to get quick response. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter. Use "Wang Lin" instead. You do not need to write the address.
The Development of Plastics A When rubber was first commercially produced in Europe during the nineteenth century, it rapidly became a very important commodity, particularly in the fields of transportation and electricity. However, during the twentieth century a number of new synthetic materials, called plastics, superseded natural rubber in all but a few applications. B Rubber is a polymer—a compound containing large molecules that are formed by the bonding of many smaller, simpler units, repeated over and over again. The same bonding principle—polymerization—underlies the creation of a huge range of plastics by the chemical industry. C The first plastic was developed as a result of a competition in the USA. In the 1860s $10,000 was offered to anybody who could replace ivory—supplies of which were declining—with something equally good as a material for making billiard balls. The prize was won by John Wesley Hyatt with a material called celluloid. Celluloid was made by dissolving cellulose, a carbohydrate derived from plants, in a solution of camphor dissolved in ethanol. This new material rapidly found uses in the manufacture of products such as knife handles, detachable collars and cuffs, spectacle frames and photographic film. Without celluloid, the film industry could never have got off the ground at the end of the 19th century. D Celluloid can be repeatedly softened and reshaped by heat, and is known as a thermoplastic. In 1907, Leo Baekeland, a Belgian chemist working in the USA, invented a different kind of plastic, by causing phenol and formaldehyde to react together. Baekeland called the material Bakelite, and it was the first of the thermosets—plastics that can be cast and moulded while hot, but cannot be softened by heat and reshaped once they have set. Bakelite was a good insulator, and was resistant to water, acids and moderate heat. With these properties it was soon being used in the manufacture of switches, household items such as knife handles, and electrical components for cars. E Soon chemists began looking for other small molecules that could be strung together to make polymers. In the 1930s British chemists discovered that the gas ethylene would polymerize under heat and pressure to form a thermoplastic they called polythene. Polypropylene followed in the 1950s. Both were used to make bottles, pipes and plastic bags. A small change in the starting material—replacing a hydrogen atom in ethylene with a chlorine atom—produced PVC (polyvinyl chloride), a hard, fireproof plastic suitable for drains and gutters. And by adding certain chemicals, a soft form of PVC could be produced, suitable as a substitute for rubber in items such as waterproof clothing. A closely related plastic was Teflon, or PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). This had a very low coefficient of friction, making it ideal for bearings, rollers, and non-stick frying pans. Polystyrene, developed during the 1930s in Germany, was a clear, glass-like material, used in food containers, domestic appliances and toys. Expanded polystyrene—a white, rigid foam—was widely used in packaging and insulation. Polyurethanes, also developed in Germany, found uses as adhesives, coatings, and—in the form of rigid foams—as insulation materials. They are all produced from chemicals derived from crude oil, which contains exactly the same elements—carbon and hydrogen—as many plastics. F The first of the man-made fibres, nylon, was also created in the 1930s. Its inventor was a chemist called Wallace Carothers, who worked for the Du Pont company in the USA. He found that under the right conditions, two chemicals—hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid—would form a polymer that could be pumped out through holes and then stretched to form long glossy threads that could be woven like silk. Its first use was to make parachutes for the US armed forces in World War Ⅱ. In the post-war years nylon completely replaced silk in the manufacture of stockings. Subsequently many other synthetic fibres joined nylon, including Orion, Acrilan and Terylene. Today most garments are made of a blend of natural fibres, such as cotton and wool, and man-made fibres that make fabrics easier to look after. G The great strength of plastic is its indestructibility. However, this quality is also something of a drawback: beaches all over the world, even on the remotest islands, are littered with plastic bottles that nothing can destroy. Nor is it very easy to recycle plastics, as different types of plastic are often used in the same items and call for different treatments. Plastics can be made biodegradable by incorporating into their structure a material such as starch, which is attacked by bacteria and causes the plastic to fall apart. Other materials can be incorporated that gradually decay in sunlight—although bottles made of such materials have to be stored in the dark, to ensure that they do not disintegrate before they have been used. Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1 In boxes on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees; FALSE if the statement disagrees; NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this. Celluloid was an essential material for the film industry.
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