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人们在设计调查问卷时通常仅注意问题的设计，而往往忽略语言设计可能出现的各种问题(如语境、语言的歧义等)。最新研究结果确认：这些语言设计方面的问题对调查的结果可以产生十分重要的影响。 假设被调查者都能如实回答问卷，则以下哪项结论最可能从上述断定中推出
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21、22两题基于以下题干： 由教育部发布的一则研究表明，市中心的孩子们在阅读技巧上明显落后于在郊区和农村的学生。报告将此种差别归咎于城市学校的过于拥挤。然而我认为，城市孩子较之非城市孩子阅读较差的真正原因是它们不能得到足够的新鲜空气和阳光。 下列哪句最低程度上支持作者上述论述中的观点
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阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A项：如果该句提供的错误信息，请选择B项：如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C项。 Tanning Parlors Take Heat People who seek a glamorous tan through sun lamps may double their risk of developing Common types of skin cancer, according to a new study that found the risk was highest for those who start at a young age. The study, appearing in the latest issue of Journal of the US National Cancer Institute, concluded that people who use tanning devices were 1.5 to 2.5 times more likely to have common kinds of skin cancer than were people who did not use the devices. The study confirmed what doctors have long suspected-that sun lamp use increases the risk of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers, said Margaret R. Karagas, first author of the study. Either going to the tanning parlor, or getting an infrequent sunburn can seriously damage the skin, said Dr. James Spencer, vice chairman of the department of dermatology at Mount Hospital, but the small day-to-day exposure is worse for the skin in the long run. Joseph A. Levy, vice president of the International Smart Tan Network, however, said occasional sunburn "is a risk factor in all forms of skin cancer and intermittent sunburn is what the tanning industry is trying to stop. ’ In the study, Karagas and her colleagues interviewed 603 basal cell skin cancer patients and 293 with squamous cell skin cancer. They talked to 540 control subjects who did not have either type of skin cancer. About 1 million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer. Among those skin cancer patients, about 80 percent are with basal cell skin cancer, 16 percent, with squamous cell skin cancer and 4 percent with melanoma-the most serious form of skin cancers. Back to the interviewed patients, 190 reported that they had used tanning devices at some time. In the control groups, only 75 had used such devices. Karagas said a statistical analysis shows that those who used tanning equipment were 2.5 times more likely to get squamous cell skin cancer than those who had not used the devices. For basal cell cancer, the risk was 1.5 times greater. The risk was highest for those who first used the tanning devices before the age of 20, said Karagas. For this group, the squamous cell cancer risk was 3.6 times greater than that of the controls while the basal cell cancer risk was 1.3 times greater. Melanoma is a more serious cancer than lung cancer.
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。第一篇 Early or Later Day Care The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone--far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carded out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children’s development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants. Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby’s work
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