题目内容
Mrs. Jones has invited her friends to dinner this evening. She went shopping in the supermarket this afternoon. She drove to the supermarket, got a cart (手推车) at the entrance (人口)and went in. After she had picked all she needed, she went to the cashier’s and paid the bill. It took Mrs. Jones almost 3 hours to prepare the meal, even with the help of her daughter Jane. The guests arrived at about 7:30. The meal was wonderful. Everyone had a good time this evening. The guests enjoyed themselves that evening.
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所有的自动应用控制都会有一个手工控制与之相对应。注册会计师在实施控制测试时，应将自动化系统的每个应用控制与其对应的手工控制一起进行测试，才能得到应用控制是否可信赖的结论。 ( )
TEXT C Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shah have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm Should we not rather encourage many other ways for serf-respecting people to work Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future of work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to pay employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes. It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded -- a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and re sources away from the utopian goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full times jobs. The arrival of the industrial age in our historical evolution meant that ______.
A3/A4型题青年男性，2d来胸背部疼痛，今晨出现双下肢无力，伴两便障碍，查脐以下各种感觉障碍，双下肢肌力0级，无病理反射。 最可能的诊断是（）.
TEXT E Seven years ago, an Environmental Protection Agency statistician stunned researchers studying the effects of air pollution on health when he reported analyses indicating that as many as 60, 000 U. S. residents die each year from breathing federally allowed concentrations of airborne dust. This and subsequent studies figured prominently in EPA’s decision last year to ratchet down the permitted concentration of breathable particles in urban air -- and in human airways. At the time, many industrialists argued that they shouldn’t have to pay for better pollution control because science had yet to suggest a plausible biological mechanism by which breathing low concentrations of urban dust might sicken or kill people. Now, scientists at the University of Texas Houston Health Science Center describe how they uncovered what they think may be one of the basic elements of that toxicity. On the alert for foreign debris, a community of white blood cells known as alveolar macrophages patrols small airways of the lung. When these cells encounter suspicious material, they identify it and send out a chemical clarion call to rally the immune system cells best suited to disabling and disposing of such matter. The trick is to recruit only as many troops as are needed. If they call in too many, the lung can sustain inflammatory damage from friendly fire. Alongside the small troop of macrophages that stimulates defense measures, a larger squadron of macrophages halts immune activity when it threatens the host. Andrij Holian and his coworkers in Houston have found that people with healthy lungs normally have 10 times as many suppressor macrophages as stimulatory ones. In people with asthma and other chronic lung diseases -- who face an increased risk of respiratory disease from inhaling urban dust -- that ratio may be only 3 to 1. The reason for the difference is not known. In a report to be published in the March Environmental Health Perspectives, Holian’s team describes test-tube studies of human alveolar macrophages. The macrophages showed no response to ask collected from the Mount St. Helen’s eruption. However, when exposed to airborne dust from St. Louis and Washington, D. C. , most of the suppresser macrophages underwent apoptosis, or cellular suicide, while the stimulatory ones survived unaffected. Ash from burned residual oil, a viscous boiler fuel, proved even more potent at triggering suppressor cell suicides. It this test-tube system models what’s actually happening in the human lung, Holian told Science News, the different responses of the two classes of lung macrophages could result in an overly aggressive immune response to normal triggering events. Indeed, he says, it would be the first step in a cascade that can end in inflammatory lung injury. "We may one day be able to target this up stream event and prevent that injury." "This is, I think, an important contribution to the overall story," says Daniel L. Costa of EPA’s pulmonary toxicology branch in Research Triangle Park, N.C. Studies by EPA suggest that certain metals -- especially iron, vanadium, nickel, and copper -- in smoke from combustion of fossil fuels trigger particularly aggressive inflammatory responses by lung cells. Costa says these metals play a "preminent" role in the toxicity of airborne particulates. When EPA researchers removed the metals, they also removed the toxicity, he says. Moreover, he notes, these metals tend to reside on the smallest water-soluble particles in urban air --the fraction targeted for more aggressive controls under the new rules. John Vandenberg, assistant director of EPA’s National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory in Research Triangle Park, says Holian’s results are "a nice complement to our studies." This passage is mainly about ______.
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