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The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (1) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (2) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (3) from physically superior (4) . But (5) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (6) tools to (7) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (8) spear or javelin in order to shoot (9) and strike with greater strength.(10) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (11) tools became more (12) . A tool would (13) a function until it proved (14) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (15) for speed and high-quality results—provided they are achieved (16) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (17) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (18) of this tool can be (19) to the development of commerce in the East around 3000 B.C. and the abacus is known (20) by the ancient Babylonians, Egyptians, Chinese, etc.. 13（）
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According to the speaker, the basis of British habits of politeness is______.
Passage FourLetting it out may be bad for your emotional health. Many people assume that sharing feelings openly and often is a positive ideal that promotes mental health. But some social critics and psychologists now conclude that repressing one’s feelings may do more good than venting emotions."A small number of researchers are taking an empirical look at the general assumption that speaking out and declaring one’s feelings is better than holding them in," writes Christina Sommers, a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute.At Suffilk University, psychologist Jane Bybee classified high-school students on the basis of their self-awareness: "sensitizers" were extremely aware of their internal states, "repressors" focused little on themselves, and "intermediates" occupied the middle range. Bybee then collected Student evaluations of themselves and each other, along with teacher evaluations of the students. On the whole, the repressors were more socially and academically successful than their more "sensitized" classmates. Bybee speculated that repressed people, not emoters, may have a better balance of moods.In a study at Catholic University in Washington, D.C., researcher George Bonanno tested the assumption that, in order to recover mental health, people need to vent negative emotions by discussing their feelings openly. Bonanno and other researchers found that, among adolescent girls who had suffered sexual abuse, those who "showed emotional avoidance" were healthier than those who more openly expressed grief or anger.One study of Holocaust survivors supports Bonanno in suggesting that verbalizing strong emotions may not improve a person’s mental health. Researchers found that Holocaust survivors who were encouraged to talk about their experiences in the war fared worse than repressors. They concluded that repression was not pathological response to Holocaust experience and that "talking through" the atrocities failed to being closure to the survivors.Sommers note that in many societies it has been considered normal to repress private feelings, and that "in most cultures stoicism and reticence are valued, while the free expression of emotions is deemed a personal shortcoming." She is concerned that pushing someone to be "sensitizers" may also create a preoccupation with self that excludes outside interests. Sommers is particularly critical of educational approaches that attempt to encourage self-discovery and self-esteem through excessive "openness".Healthy stoicism should not be confused with the emotional numbness that may be brought on by post-traumatic stress disorder. Most people experiencing such traumas as war, assault, or natural disaster can benefit from immediate counseling, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. In the last paragraph, the author tells us that （）.
The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (1) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (2) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (3) from physically superior (4) . But (5) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (6) tools to (7) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (8) spear or javelin in order to shoot (9) and strike with greater strength.(10) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (11) tools became more (12) . A tool would (13) a function until it proved (14) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (15) for speed and high-quality results—provided they are achieved (16) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (17) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (18) of this tool can be (19) to the development of commerce in the East around 3000 B.C. and the abacus is known (20) by the ancient Babylonians, Egyptians, Chinese, etc.. 15（）
甲受国有公司委派，到该公司控股的A公司任主管财务的副总经理，乙为非国家工作人员，系A公司财务部主管，在甲的策划下，甲与乙勾结，分别利用各自的职务便利，共同侵吞了A公司的财物50万元，甲分得35万元，乙分得15万元，后来，甲在其配偶的规劝和陪同下，向司法机关主动交代，一年前私自挪用公款1万元用于个人消费，2个月后将公款归还；还曾收受乙的财物共计3万元，帮助乙升任财务部主管，乙后来也对送甲财物之事供认不讳。 甲、乙两人的行为( )共同犯罪。
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