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Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. People traveling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly can anyone positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep you rarely manage to do so. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. Long car journey are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow, bumpy roads which are crowded with traffic. By comparison, trips by sea offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, swim, meet interesting people and enjoy good food—always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick; no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice up to a third of their holidays for the pleasure of traveling on a ship. Airplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and expensive. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Traveling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a free film show and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied. An airplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from the view, you can enjoy the extraordinary, sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and unctrumpled. The author indicates that reading can help lessen ______.
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选穴的基本原则包括______、______、______。
The largest earthquake (magnitude里氏9.5 ) of the 20th century happened on May 22, 1960 off the coast of South Central Chile.It generated (生成) one of the most destructive Pacific-wide tsunamis (海啸). Near thegenerating area, both the earthquake and the tsunami were very much destructive, particularly in the coastal area from Concepcion to the south end of Isla Chiloe. The largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe-the coastal area closest to the epicenter(震中). Huge tsunami waves measuring as high as 25 meters arrived within 10 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, killing at least two hundred people, sinking all the boats, and flooding half a kilometer inland.There was large damage and loss of life at Concepcion, Chile’s top industrial city. Near the city of Valdivia, the earthquake and following aftershocks generated landslides which killed 18 people. At the port city of Valparaiso, a city of 200,000, many buildings collapsed. A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed--one in every three in the earthquake zone and nearly 2,000,000 people were left homeless.Total damage losses, including to agriculture and to industry, were estimated(估计) to be over a half billion dollars. The total number of deaths related with both the tsunami and the earthquake was never found accurately for the region. Estimates of deaths reached between 490 to 5,7002 with no distinction(差别) as to how many deaths were caused by the earthquake and how many were caused by the tsunami. However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami. What does the underlined’ word "collapsed" probably mean（）
In the dining room of my grandfather’ s house stood his heavy clock. Meals in the dining room were a (21) for our four generations to become one. My grandfather’ s clock always stood like a trusted old family friend, (22) us playing jokes and tellingstories, which was already a (23) of our life.When I was a child, the old clock interested me. I watched and listened to it during (24) I was surprised how at (25) times of the day, the clock would strike three times, six times or more, with a wonderful great (26) that echoed throughout the house. The clock chimed year after year, a part of my (27) , a part of my heart.Even more (28) to me was my grandfather’s special action each day. He meticulously (29) the clock with a special key each day. The key was magic to me. It (30) our family’ s magnificent clock ticking and striking all year round. 21（）
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. More than two million people in Europe now have fibre broadband direct to their home, suggests a survey. The latest figures on superfast broadband delivered by fibre to the home (FTITI) shows 18% growth over the last survey compiled in late 2008. The continued growth suggests that the global economic downturn has not hit plans to build infrastructure (基础设施) of fibre. Sweden tops the list of nations rolling out the technology, with 10.9% of its broadband customers using fibre. Karel Helsen, president of Europe’s Fibre-To-The-Home Council, said the growth matched predictions that were revised when the credit crunch (信用紧缩) started to make itself felt. "The numbers in 2009 are in line with the latest forecasts," said Mr. Helsen. By 2012, the FITH Council expects that 13 million people across 35 European nations will have their broadband delivered by fibre. Such services would start at speeds of 100 megabits persecond (mbps), said Mr.Helsen. Around Europe more than 233 projects were underway to lay the fibres that would connect homes or buildings to the net, said Mr.Helsen.Many of those, he said, were being operated by local governments or smaller net firms. Local governments were interested in FTFH because of the economic and social benefits it brought in its wake. The low delay inherent in high-speed fibre networks made possible novel uses of broadband, he said. "No delay is very important," he said, "specifically if you talk about applications that are time dependent such as personal communications, conference calls or video calls where delays cause a lot of interference." While early PITH services were concentrated in cities, said Mr. Helsen, many more were reaching out to rural areas for e-health and e-learning projects. Separate studies show that an FTI’H infrastructure can have a direct impact on local economic output, said Mr.Helsen. The UK, France and Germany have yet to break into the list of top ten PITH nations. What was done to the predictions about the growth when the credit crunch emerged
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