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Text…The greatest advantage of books does not always come from what we remember of them, but from their (8) . A good book often (9) as a match to (10) the dormant-powder within us. There is explosive material (11) in most of us if we can only reach it. A good book or a good friend often excites (12) in great writers, even (13) entirely different subjects. We often find in books (14) we thought and felt, could we not have expressed ourselves. Indeed, we get (15) with ourselves in books. We (16) one feature in Emerson, another lineament in Shakespeare, an expression in Homer, a glimpse of ourselves in Dante, and so on (17) we spell out our whole (18) . True, we get many pleasing (19) of ourselves from fiends, many mirrored deformities from our enemies, and a characteristic here and there from the world; but in calm and (20) way we find the most of ourselves, our strength, our weakness, our limitations, our opinions, our tastes, our harmonies and (21) , our poetic and (22) qualifies, in books.We (23) many of our opinions from our favorite books. The author (24) we prefer is our most potent teacher; we look at the world through his eyes. If we (25) read books that are elevating in tone, pure in style, sound in reasoning, and (26) in insight, our minds develop the same characteristics. The best books are those which stir us up most and make us the most (27) to do something and be something ourselves.… 11（）
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Text…The greatest advantage of books does not always come from what we remember of them, but from their (8) . A good book often (9) as a match to (10) the dormant-powder within us. There is explosive material (11) in most of us if we can only reach it. A good book or a good friend often excites (12) in great writers, even (13) entirely different subjects. We often find in books (14) we thought and felt, could we not have expressed ourselves. Indeed, we get (15) with ourselves in books. We (16) one feature in Emerson, another lineament in Shakespeare, an expression in Homer, a glimpse of ourselves in Dante, and so on (17) we spell out our whole (18) . True, we get many pleasing (19) of ourselves from fiends, many mirrored deformities from our enemies, and a characteristic here and there from the world; but in calm and (20) way we find the most of ourselves, our strength, our weakness, our limitations, our opinions, our tastes, our harmonies and (21) , our poetic and (22) qualifies, in books.We (23) many of our opinions from our favorite books. The author (24) we prefer is our most potent teacher; we look at the world through his eyes. If we (25) read books that are elevating in tone, pure in style, sound in reasoning, and (26) in insight, our minds develop the same characteristics. The best books are those which stir us up most and make us the most (27) to do something and be something ourselves.… 24（）
TEXT A A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One’ s physical assets and liabilities don’ t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not- so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, the physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group--college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individual’ s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. on another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire (追求) to managerial positions do not get on as well as who may be less attractive. "One’s physical assets and liabilities don’ t count all that much in a managerial career."(paral) can be interpretated as______.
TEXT E Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age. People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind. Many expert are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives." The idea is no necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information," says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging." Most of us don’ t need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness." Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work. Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted." The point is, you need to do both," Cohen says," Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size." People who are cognitively healthy are those______.
TEXT C Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forbid the practice of making ads louder than the programming. In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowed for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information, why do commercials sound so loud The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its peak level. Advertisers are skilful at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor to the perceived loudness of commercials is that much less variation in sound level occurs during a commercial. In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels. Other" tricks of the trade" are also used. Because low-frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds, advertisers filter out any noises that may drown out the primary message. In addition, the human voice has more auditory (听觉的) impact in the middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script so that lots of consonants (辅音) are used, because people are more aware of consonants than vowel (元音) sounds. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of the programming within which the commercial is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewer attention. For example, notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type. The attention-getting property of commercials can be seen by observing one-to two-year-old children who happen to be playing around a television set. They may totally ignore the programming. However, when a commercial comes on, their attention is immediately drawn to it because of its dramatic sound quality. One of the reasons why commercials are able to attract viewer attention is that______.
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