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Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened (62) . As was discussed before, it was not (63) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic (64) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the (65) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution (66) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading (67) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures (68) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in (69) . It is generally recognized, (70) , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, (71) by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, (72) its impact on the media was not immediately (73) . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as (74) , with display becoming sharper and storage (75) increasing. They were thought of, like people, (76) generations, with the distance between genera-much (77) . It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the (78) within which we now live. The communications revolution has (79) both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been (80) views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weed (81) "harmful" outcomes: And generalizations have proved difficult.
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C In the past 200 years, Australia has lost 19 species (种类) of animals and 76 species of plants. The Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service estimates that between 100 and 250 million species of animals and plants have lived on Earth since life began about 3.5 million years ago. Today, there are between 5 and 10 million species, of which up to 1 million or more species could be extinct (灭绝) by the year 2010. Today the council of state and federal ministers responsible for nature conservation (保护) has produced a list of currently endangered vertebrate fauna (脊椎动物). Three species of whale, various birds, a number of frogs, snakes and fish are also on the list. But there is some cause for optimism (乐观). Several species previously believed extinct have reappeared in recent years. This could mean that other "extinct" species may yet surface--even the Tasmanian tiger, which some authorities believe still exists in the remote regions of Tasmania. This passage mainly focuses on ______.
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Before the 1850s the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church-connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students. Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In Germany a different kind of university had developed. The German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them returned to become presidents of Venerable(受人尊敬的) colleges— Harvard, Yale, Columbia—and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor’s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph. D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate students learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research. At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own courses of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers. It can be inferred from the passage that before 1850s, all of the following were characteristic of higher education EXCEPT______.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened (62) . As was discussed before, it was not (63) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic (64) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the (65) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution (66) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading (67) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures (68) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in (69) . It is generally recognized, (70) , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, (71) by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, (72) its impact on the media was not immediately (73) . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as (74) , with display becoming sharper and storage (75) increasing. They were thought of, like people, (76) generations, with the distance between genera-much (77) . It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the (78) within which we now live. The communications revolution has (79) both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been (80) views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weed (81) "harmful" outcomes: And generalizations have proved difficult.
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