题目内容
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency ( crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in (24) to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, (25) as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27) lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also (33) changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; (34) , children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) was common in the traditional family structure. 26().
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Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which is normally (21) by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other (22) situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has (23) in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial (24) ; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. (25) , the standard variety of English is based on the London (26) of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one (27) by the educated, and it was developed and promoted (28) a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the (29) that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, (30) English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are (31) the same everywhere in the world where English is used; (32) among local standards is really quite minor, (33) the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very (34) different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are (35) . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous (36) on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have (37) much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be (38) . This latter situation ig not unique (39) English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are (40) . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的) ones. 25().
Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which is normally (21) by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other (22) situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has (23) in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial (24) ; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. (25) , the standard variety of English is based on the London (26) of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one (27) by the educated, and it was developed and promoted (28) a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the (29) that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, (30) English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are (31) the same everywhere in the world where English is used; (32) among local standards is really quite minor, (33) the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very (34) different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are (35) . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous (36) on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have (37) much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be (38) . This latter situation ig not unique (39) English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are (40) . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的) ones. 28().
Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which is normally (21) by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other (22) situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has (23) in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial (24) ; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. (25) , the standard variety of English is based on the London (26) of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one (27) by the educated, and it was developed and promoted (28) a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the (29) that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, (30) English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are (31) the same everywhere in the world where English is used; (32) among local standards is really quite minor, (33) the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very (34) different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are (35) . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous (36) on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have (37) much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be (38) . This latter situation ig not unique (39) English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are (40) . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的) ones. 24().
Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which is normally (21) by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other (22) situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has (23) in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial (24) ; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. (25) , the standard variety of English is based on the London (26) of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one (27) by the educated, and it was developed and promoted (28) a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the (29) that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, (30) English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are (31) the same everywhere in the world where English is used; (32) among local standards is really quite minor, (33) the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very (34) different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are (35) . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous (36) on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have (37) much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be (38) . This latter situation ig not unique (39) English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are (40) . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的) ones. 22().
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