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In 1921, Franklin Roosevelt took his family sailing one day and he fell overboard into the chilly waters. The next day, a forest fire broke out. Franklin and his children helped to fight the forest fire and put it out. It was hard and tiring work. After the fire was out, Franklin was sick. It was polio. He could not move his legs. The doctors said he could never walk again.Many men would have given up then. Franklin Roosevelt did not give up. He began to work to get well again. Even though he could not get out of bed, he did exercises, and his shoulders and arms grew very strong. At last the doctors let him out of bed, but he had to wear heavy metal braces on his legs. Then he went to Warm Springs, Georgia. He swam in the warm waters there. Even though it was painful to move his legs, he kept on swimming and exercising them. He grew better until he could leave the braces off. He could walk with only a cane to help him."The only thing we have to fear is fear itself, "President Roosevelt told the people. Franklin Roosevelt told the Americans that the only thing we have to fear is ().
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Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is one of the largest cities in the world. It is also one of the world’s most modern cities. Twice this century, the city was destroyed and rebuilt. In 1923 a major earthquake struck the city. Thousands of people were killed and millions were left homeless as buildings collapsed and fires broke out throughout Tokyo. It took seven years to rebuild the city. During World War II, Tokyo was destroyed once again. As a result of these disasters there is nothing of old Tokyo remaining in the downtown area.After the war, the people of Tokyo began to rebuild their city. Buildings went up at a fantastic rate, and between 1945 and 1960, the city’s population more than doubled. Because of the Olympic Games held in Tokyo in 1964, many new stadiums, parks and hotels were built to accommodate visitors from all over the world. As a result of this rapid development , however, many problems have arisen. Housing shortages, pollution and waste disposal have presented serious challenges to the city, but the government has begun several programmes to answer them. What were the two disasters that destroyed the city of Tokyo
Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
单击“书籍借出查询”按钮，查询借“数据库原理与应用”一书的所有读者的“借书证号”和“借书日期”，结果中含“书名”、“借书证号”和“日期”字段，同时保存在表new2中。单击“关闭”按钮关闭表单。
Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. (61)Under modern coditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. (62) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn tests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.(63) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, (64)in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization--with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed--was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. (65) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. Under modern coditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
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