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Windows基本操作题 (1)在D盘根下建立HAND文件夹，在HAND文件夹下建立HT子文件夹和EXAM子文件夹。 (2)在HT下建立一个名为BOXI.TXT空文本文件。 (3)将HT中的文件BOXI.TXT复制到OPEN中。 (4)将OPEN中BOXI.TXT的改名为EXEC.TXT。 (5)将HT中的文件BOXI.TXT删除，然后从回收站中还原。 (6)将OPEN中EXOT3.TXT的属性设置为隐藏。
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隐含价格是指贷款定价中的一些货币性内容。( )
A Cooler Planet Scientists are cooking up solutions based on current technology that they say they could dramatically turn down the heat of global warming over the next 50 years. Innovations such as cheaper wind power, gas-electric hybrid and gas cards that generate funds for climate-change projects already are available. Introducing them across the nation could put a dent in the growth of greenhouse gases that are warming the planet, scientists say. The concentration of carbon dioxide--a potent greenhouse gas--is likely to double before the end of the century, the United States says. Scientists say further warming is inevitable as greenhouse gas emissions climb but that the worse effects can still be avoided. "The question now is not ’whether to adapt’ but ’how to adapt’" says a 2004 U.N. report on climate change. The solutions, says experts, must come from action by politicians, business people, scientists and individuals. Over the next century, power could be derived from sources that release less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere such as nuclear fusion, hydrogen fuel cells and more efficient combustion engines(内燃机).Scientists: Technology already exists Technology is a crucial component to meeting the challenge of global warming, say climate researchers and policy experts. "You need technology;" says Elliot Diringer, international strategies director with the Pew Center on Global Climate Change. "There’s no question about that. The question is, ’What is the most efficient way to not only generate the technology but get it deployed.’" The intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a U.N. body issuing regular assessments on the climate, says innovation has advanced faster than expected. It estimates technological improvements could reduce greenhouse gas emissions below 2,000 levels within 20 years and avert even more risky levels of such concentrations. The IPCC has estimated that technological improvements could sometime between 2010 and 2020 reduce greenhouse gas emissions to levels below those in the year 2000. "We need to move as fast as we can," Diringer says. "The longer we wait to take concerted action, the greater the impact will be... the more it will cost to achieve the reduction." Technology with the greatest potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions already exists, says Princeton University scientists Stephen Pacala and Robert Socolow in a 2004 study published in the journal Science. Improving efficiency and conservations could reduce billions of tons in atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases each year. Improvements such as efficient engineering, better gas mileage(英里里程) and new fuel sources for vehicle and power plants have the potential to halt growth of emissions by around 2050, according to the study. "It is important not to become diverted by the possibility of revolutionary technology," the Princeton authors write in Science. "Humanity can solve the carbon and climate problem in the first half of this century simply by increasing we already know how to do." The scientists picked seven actions that they say could make the climate stable by 2054. They focused on technology already in place that simply needs to be expanded-- a lot. Cars are an easy target. Each gallon (加仑) of gas burned gives off about 20 pounds of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. That’s a lot of carbon for the 2 billion cars that may be on the road in 2054, nearly four times the number today, the authors report. The Science article suggests that doubling the average fuel efficiency of cars from 30 miles per gallon today to 60, switching to wind-generated hydrogen fuels or halving the annual number of miles traveled per car to 5,000 could reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The savings would provide one-seventh of the total cuts needed to make U.S. emissions stable, the article states. In addition, scientists are watching plenty of other technologies being developed to make emissions stable.Carbon storage Burying carbon dioxide allows fossil fuel companies to continue pumping oil while reducing greenhouse emissions. The United Nations estimates by 2050 it should be possible to store half of the increasing global emissions in underground reservoirs (水库) at reasonable prices. The U.S. government already has started a test project at a West Virginia coal power plant. The energy company BP sends 1 million tons of carbon dioxide each year beneath the sands of Sahara desert at one of its facilities in Algeria. These carbon-reducing projects send millions of tons of carbon dioxide gas into underground geologic formations such as gas beds now filled with water, natural gas or oil. The risks of such techniques include leakage of carbon dioxide from underground reservoirs that may endanger human life and environment. Scientists are studying techniques to find which rock formations permanently store gases such as carbon dioxide.Renewable energy Renewable power is a major facet of reducing global warming emissions, according to the United Nations. Because most renewable energy sources--wind, ocean tides, solar, biomass fuel--emit less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than they absorb, they do not add to climate change. The share of renewable in the world energy supply accounts for at least 14 percent of the total, the United Nations estimates. The price of these renewable fuels and technology is plummeting as demand grows and hardware improves. "Green" tariffs, already introduced in some European countries, guarantee premium prices for energy derived from renewable sources. States such as New York and California also require utilities to generate a fraction of their energy supply from renewable.Trading carbon Carbon emissions trading is designed to make global warming prevention affordable, according to the U.N. Convention on Climate Change. Under the Kyoto Agreement, participating countries agree to emit a certain amount of carbon. If a country cannot afford to meet its carbon emissions limit, it can buy "credits" from a country that has produced less than its allotted amount. Although critics say there are significant problems under the Kyoto system, the United Nations says emissions trading allows countries gradually to eliminate carbon dioxide while preventing some economic hardships of reducing emissions growth.Corporate action Companies also an: devising ways for business and individuals to offset greenhouse emissions. Oregon-based Climate Neutral Network says it soon will offer air travelers access to "Cool Class" air travel in which a portion of airline fares, negotiated through contracts with different companies, are invested in ways to reduce greenhouse emissions. According to the United Nations about ________________ of the total world energy supply goes to the renewable energy.
How to Get a Great Idea The guests had arrived, and the wine was warm. Once again, I’d forgotten to refrigerate it. "Don’t worry," a friend said, "I can chill it for you fight away." Five minutes later she emerged from the kitchen with the wine perfectly cooled. Asked to reveal her secret, she said, "Easy. I poured the wine in a plastic bag and then dipped it in ice water. After a few minutes the wine was cold. The hard part was getting it back into bottle. I couldn’t find a funnel (漏斗), so I made a cone with wax paper." My guests applauded. "How wonderful if we could all be that clever," one remarked. A decade of research has convinced me we can. What separates the average person from Edison, Picasso or even Shakespeare isn’t creative capacity--it’s the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them. Most of us seldom achieve our creative potential. I think I know why, and I can help unlock the reservoir of ideas hiding within every one of us. One puzzle I’ve watched students deal with is retrieving a Ping-Pong ball that has fallen to the bottom of a sealed, vertical drainpipe. The tools that they can use are either too short to reach the ball or too wide to fit into the pipe, which is also too narrow to reach into by hand. At last some students make the connection: drainpipe= water=floating. They pour water down the hole, and the ball floats to the top. This and many other experiments suggest concrete ways of increasing creativity in all of us. Here are the best techniques. Capture the fleeting. A good idea is like a rabbit. It runs by so fast that sometimes you see only its ears or tail. To capture it, you must be ready. Creative people are always ready to act, and that may ha the only difference between us and them. Poet Amy Lowell wrote of the urgency with which she captured new ideas, "Whatever 1 am doing, I lay it aside and attend to the arriving poem," she wrote. Like many other writers, Lowell sought paper and pencil when she saw a good idea coming. I enter new ideas into a pocket computer. Anything--even a napkin--win do. In a letter to a friend in 1821, Ludwig van Beethoven talked about how he thought of a beautiful tune while dozing in carriage. "But scarcely did I awake when away flew the tune," he wrote, "and I could not recall any part of it.’ Fortunately--for Beethoven and for us--the next day in the same carriage, the tune came back to him, and this time he captured it in writing. When a good idea comes your way, write it down--on your arm if necessary. Not every idea will have value, of course. The point is to capture first and evaluate them later. Daydream. Surrealist Dali used to lie on a sofa, holding a spoon. Just as he began to fall asleep. Dali would drop the spoon onto a plate on the floor. The sound shocked him awake, and he would immediately sketch the images he had seen in his mind in that fertile world of semi-sleep. Everyone experiences this strange state, and everyone can take advantage of it. Try Dali’s trick, or just allow yourself to daydream. For many, the "three b’s"--bed, bath and bus--are productive. There, and anywhere else you can be with your thoughts undisturbed, you’ll find that ideas emerging freely. Seek challenges. When you’re stuck behind a locked door, every behavior that’s ever gotten you free turns up quickly: you may push or pull on the knob, bang the door--even shout for help. Scientists call the rehappening of old behaviors in a challenging situation resurgence. The more behaviors that reappear, the greater the number of possible interconnections, and the more likely that new ideas will occur. Try inviting friends and business associations from different areas of your life to a party. Bring people of two or three generations together. This will get you thinking in new ways. Edwin Land, one of America’s most prolific inventors, said that the idea that led to his invention of the Polaroid camera came from his three-year-old daughter. On a visit to Santa Fe in 1943, she asked why she couldn’t see the picture he had just taken. During the next hour, as Land walked around Santa Fe, all he had learned about chemistry came together, with amazing results. Said Land, "The camera and the film became clear to me. In my mind they were so real that I spent several hours describing them." Put new and crazy items--like kid’s toys--on your desk. Turn pictures upside down or sideways. The more detersive the stimulations we receive, the more rapidly the mind produces new ideas. Expand your world. Many discoveries in sciences, engineering and the arts mix ideas from different fields. Consider "The Two-String Problem". Two widely separated strings hang from a ceiling. Even though you can’t reach both at once, is it possible to tie their ends together, using only a pair of pliers One college student found the solution almost immediately. He tied the pliers to one string and set it in motion like a pendulum (钟摆). As it swung back and forth, he walked quickly to the other string and drew it as far forward as it would reach. Then he caught the swinging string when it passed near him and tied the two ends. Asked how he had solved the problem, the student explained he had just come from a physics class on pendulum motion. What he had learned in one context transferred to a completely different one. This principle works outside the lab as well. To enhance your creativity, learn something new. If you’re a banker, take up tap dancing. If you’re a nurse, try a course in mythology. Read a book on a subject you know little about. Change your daily newspaper. The new will interconnect with the old in novel and potentially fascinating ways. Becoming more creative is really just a matter of paying attention to that endless flow of ideas you produce, and learning to capture and act upon the new that’s within you. Learn to be more creative is just a matter of focusing on the endless flow of ideas you produce, and learning to ______ the new that’s within you.
The Interaction of Body and MindThe concept of psychosomatic illness Psycho, refers to mind, and soma, to body. Psychosomatic illness is the occurrence of bodily symptoms(症状) which are psychological or emotional in origin. Mind and body are not separate; one affects and is affected by the other. Who has not experienced some physical manifestation of emotional stress Such experiences as a headache after a quarrel and urinary frequency or diarrhea before an examination are not uncommon, and for most people they are of a temporary nature. The symptoms disappear and are forgotten after the crisis has passed. No treatment may be needed, or the patient may use simple remedies to relieve the discomfort. One person may find that a leisurely walk is the best cure for a headache; another may take aspirin. Certain conditions have been considered classic examples of psychosomatic illness: pepticulcer, eczema, colitis, and asthma. Personality profiles have been developed to describe the typical characteristics of persons who develop such illness. Another point of view is that human beings are more complex and varied in their responses than such profiles would indicate, and that the type of illness a patient develops in relation to stress varies with many additional factors, such as heredity and environment. Much remains to be learned about the relationship between stress and physical illness. Physical symptoms, such as palpitation, sweating, or disturbance of sleep, which reflect anxiety, may occur over a prolonged period. The symptoms may seem mysterious and threatening, because the patient is unaware of their cause. The patient whose heart beats more rapidly and forcefully as a manifestation of anxiety may report this symptom to his doctor, believing that something is wrong with his heart. Often the patient is not aware that he is anxious. He knows only that his heart keeps pounding for no apparent reason. Almost any symptom can have its origin in emotional stress. Some patients almost invariably have the same stress when they become anxious. One may have diarrhea, another asthma, and a third may develop hives or eczema. Some people develop two or several different symptoms; often the symptoms are experienced in an alternating fashion. The development of bodily symptoms is only one manifestation of anxiety. It may show up also symptoms that are primarily mental, such as the inability to concentrate or to remember. Such symptom too, vary in degree. Many people occasionally experience symptoms like moodiness or depression. When such symptoms are severe or long- lasting, they interfere with the functioning of individual in daily life and with his relationship with others. Sometimes a person subconsciously develops an illness as a way of handling a desperate need, such as the need for affection. The only real cure is to satisfy the primary desire. An example is a woman who has pain in her heart, not because of organic heart disease, but because the symptom is a way of gaining, if only temporarily, the love and attention for which she longs. Her husband cannot leave her when she is so sick; her children are concerned. Her pain is just as severe as if it had a physical cause.The reality of psychosomatic illness Is the patient with psychosomatic illness really sick, or does he merely imagine he is sick Many people, including the families of patients and members of the health professions, believe that physical illness which is influenced by emotional stress is less real, or wholly imaginary. Acknowledging the reality of the patients’ illness is important; it is the first step in helping him. Patients with psychosomatic illness are likely to be neglected. The same staff who give excellent care to other patients, not uncommonly ignore them. Some possible reasons may include the use of the term psycho as a prefix. Perhaps this conveys the idea that such patients are mentally iii, and therefore have no physical illness. Perhaps they are considered weaklings. One hears comments like, "He could snap out(克服) of it if he wanted to." Prejudice against these patients may be due to a belief that they are pretending illness in an attempt to get attention or favors. A patient with psychosomatic illness may be confused with a malingerer, one who deliberately pretends illness in order to achieve secondary gain, such as financial compensation or excuse from work. Pretending illness is considered an unhealthy and unsatisfactory solution to the problems of life. Often it adds to the patient’s difficulties, as he makes elaborate attempts to avoid detection. A malingerer can be helped sometimes to find ways of coping with difficulties. The essential difference between psychosomatic illness and malingering is that the malingerer pretends symptoms. It is a conscious process and he is aware that he is pretending to be sick. The patient with psychosomatic illness develops symptoms as manifestation of largely unconscious psychic conflicts. The symptoms are real. Condemnation(责难) of the patient with psychosomatic illness can persist despite intellectual understanding of theories about its cause. The patient can sense immediately whether those who care for him are trying to help him or not. It is important to understand that: ·The patient with psychosomatic illness is really sick. He is not pretending or imagining his symptoms. ·The idea that he can "snap out of it" at will is no more true than it is of those with diseases like pneumonia, whose need for care is readily acknowledged. Such conditions as ___________ have been considered classic examples of psychosomatic illness.
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