阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项,分别完成每个句子。 Trade Unions 1. Some scholars have associated trade unions with the medieval craft guilds(中世纪的行会), but there are important differences between the two. The guild members were master craftsmen who owned capital and often employed workers. Unions are known as associations of workers with similar skills. 2. In the past, individual workers had no control over the conditions of their working lives; political and economic power was concentrated in the hands of wealthy business owners. Workers found, however, that there was strength in uniting. From their earliest years, union objectives have been higher wages and improved working conditions. 3. Employers resisted, of course. They made great efforts to stop union organizing its activities. Union members were fired, workers were forced to sign contracts in which they promised not to join a union, and companies hired strikebreakers (破坏罢工者) and even gunmen to frighten organizers. 4. One of the earliest successful labor organizations in the United States was the Knights of Labor, founded in 1869. The Knights, which included both skilled and unskilled workers, attempted to organize all workers into one great union. Alter it successfully struck the Wabash railroad owned by Jay Gould in 1885, its popularity and power grew dramatically. In 1886 the Knights had 700,000 members. 5. The decline of the Knights of Labor, however, came quickly. The strike against Gould was gradually broken, and the Knights’ radical positions on social issues cost them public support. In the end, a lack of unity as well as the rapid inflow of unskilled immigrants weakened the union’s economic power, and the organization came to an end. Paragraph 3 ______
APlease be advised that Nairobi like any other large city has a security and crime problem. However, if you observe the following simple guidelines you will stay and have a trouble-free seminar (研讨会):1. Do not wear a money belt. This makes you an instant target.2. Cameras of all kinds are a favorite with snatchers. Feel free to use them within theStarehe Campus and the hotel grounds but not in the streets.3. Ladies handbags are also a regular snatch. Avoid carrying one, and if you must, be alert and hold on to it tightly.4. Jewellery and even glasses with valuable frames are also often targeted. Bear this in mind.5. When in a vehicle keep the doors always locked, and the windows only slightly open --especially at traffic lights, junctions and in slow moving traffic.6. Beware of street children, their begging often quickly transforms into something more unpleasant.7. Stay with the main party all the time, and avoid wandering off on your own.8. Finally, the best defence is to be alert at all times and conscious of your environment.Should you have any problem, query or need help at any hour of the day or night call any of the following and they will do their best for you:OFFICE FIXED HOME FIXED Mobile Phone1 KENNEDY HONGO 763856/761221 763182 0733 7612942 FRED OKONO 761221 764988 0733 6044903 EDWIN OTIENO 761221 761642/763011 072 701279 After reading this notice, visitors to Nairobi might gain an impression that()
A. Fred Okono and his fellow workmates are very kind and helpful
B. Nairobi is a large city which is very developed
C. the crime problem is very serious in the city of Nairobi
D. they should not have paid a visit to Nairobi, and should buy a ticket back immediately
C Psychology is the study of the mind and mental activities. For example, psychologists are interested in why some things make you sad, but others make you happy. They want to know why some people are shy, but others are quite talkative. They want to know why people do the thing that they do. They also test intelligence. Psychologists deal with the mind and behavior of people. Your mind consists of all your feelings, thoughts and ideas. It is the result of one part of the brain called the cerebrum. Your behavior is the way you act or conduct yourself. Examples of behavior include shouting, crying, laughing and sleeping. Several people have been instrumental in the field of psychology. Whihelm Wundt set up the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879. Ivan Pavlov, a Russian, is noted for his experiments with dogs in which he studies their reflexes(反射)and reactions. Around 1900, Sigmund Freud, stated his theory that people try to repress (control, hide) memories or thoughts that they believe were not good. Psychologists should not be confused with psychiatrists who deal with mental illness. They are medical doctors who treat people. The cerebrum is a part of brain which controls ().
A. the mind
B. the sports ability
C. the feelings
D. the whole brain
第三篇 Generation Gap A few years ago, it was fashionable to speak of a generation gap, a division between young people and their elders. Parents complained that children did not show them proper respect and obedience, while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared Actually, the generation gap has been around for a long time. Many critics argue that it is built into the fabric of our society. One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own life styles. In more traditional societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and approve of, and often to continue the family occupation. In our society, young people often travel great distances for their education, most out of the family home at an early age, marry or live or choose occupations different from those of their parents. In our upwardly mobile society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, the ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them. Often they discover that they have very little in common with each other. Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture, elderly people are valued for their wisdom, hut in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may Become obsolete overnight. The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds, separated by different skills and abilities. No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come. Its causes are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society, and in the rapid pace at which society changes. The word “around” in paragraph one means______.
A. on all sides
B. in every direction
C. near
D. in existence