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Text 1Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics — the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much hum an labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves — goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can’t yet give a robot enough ’commonsense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world."Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented — and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it. According to the text, what is beyond man’s ability now is to design a robot that can ().
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Text 3A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who have not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, in the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by come fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition tums the pains into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are people who object to fairy stories on the ground that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be caught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was. Fairy stories are a means by which children’s impulses may be ().
常见皮肤化学性灼伤的急救处理 先用植物油清除皮肤上的微粒，再以 2%醋酸溶液洗涤的是
常见皮肤化学性灼伤的急救处理 用2%醋酸或4%硼酸溶液冲洗，再用清水冲洗，然后以3%硼酸溶液湿敷或 5%～10%硼酸软膏外涂的是
我国公民李某为某市重点高中的数学老师，2010年度取得的收入明细情况如下所示： (1)每月取得工资收入6000元。 (2)5月，转让专利权取得收入25000元，缴税前从中依次拿出5000元、3000元，通过国家机关捐赠给农村义务教育。 (3)9月，获得稿酬收入10000元。 (4)11月，取得国外讲学税后收入，折合人民币20000元，已按收入来源地税法交纳了个人所得税，折合人民币3000元。 李某9月取得的稿酬收入应纳个人所得税税款为( )元。
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