Going on computer may be the toughest job a remodeling contractor ever does. In order to make a conversion within a year, a company will need to make a major shakeup. This does not mean it will take a year to start using the computer for one function such as estimating, accounting, or word processing. The total conversion process will not be accomplished in a short period with little effort. A contractor in Indiana recently said he wished someone had warned him about how tough it was going to be. With an annual volume of more than $500,000 and a good staff in place he still had fear.
For effective use of the computer in a remodeling business, a complete change in methods of doing business usually is required. All management staff must get involved. Changes may include pre-selecting and standardizing products and systems, developing specifications, changing the estimating system, and requiring more detailed information on time card. The list goes on and On. Without the support and active leadership of top management, this process, in all likelihood, will be fought by employees and will fail.
It is true that a computer can save money by stepping up the speed of estimating and making job costing, bookkeeping, and accounting more efficient. Word processing will certainly reduce time in typing contracts, writing letters, and so on. Still, most companies do not save money using the computer. Once they have mastered the basic computer operation, they become so enthralled with its ability to do other things they never considered when it was purchased.
The computer business is changing so fast that a company on computer will want to spend money on the latest hardware, newest software, and so on. That is the bad news. The good news is that the computer simply revolutionizes the company's ability to manage and innovate. The change in management methods, the ability to use numbers, and other new capabilities provide greater control over the company and allow it to grow and make more money.
According to the passage, a complete conversion can take______.
A. several months
B. about a year
C. half a year
D. several years
What does the man say he will do?
A. Contact Diane
B. Check his account
Copy some paperwork
D. Continue researching online
While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners, the arts, literature, and philosophy, and may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact, it may operate in any field of group life, apart from the technological and utilitarian area and the area of the sacred.Its operation requires a class society, for in its essential character it docs not occur either in a homogeneous society like a primitive group, or in a caste society.
Fashion behaves as a movement, and on this basis it is different from custom which, by comparison, is static.This is due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation. In a class society, the upper classes or so-called social elite are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external features of their life and behavior. are likely to be imitated by classes immediately below them, who, in turn, are imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure. This process gives to fashion a vertical descent. However, the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable, by reason of the imitation made by others, and hence is led to adopt new differentiating criteria, only to displace
these as they in turn are imitated.It is primarily this feature that makes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion, once launched, moves to its doom.
As a movement, fashion show little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered.While it occurs spontaneously and moves along in a characteristic cycle, it in volves little in the way of crowd behavior. and it is not dependent upon the discussion process and the resulting public opinion. It does not depend upon the mechanisms of which we have spoken. The participants are not recruited through agitation. No morale is built up among them. Nor does the fashion movement have, or required, an ideology. Further, since it does not have a leader- ship imparting conscious direction to the movement, it does not build up a set of tactics. People take part in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them.
It is known from the first paragraph that______
A. fashion operates in every society
B. fashion can be found only in a few fields of group life
C. fashion originates in a class society
D. people like to keep up with fashion in a primitive society
在①舒适性原则;②城市审美原则;③生态环境原则;④因借原则;⑤历史文化保护原则;⑥整体性原则;⑦市场性原则;⑧交通性原则中属于城市景观系统规划的基本原则的有()。
A. ①②③④⑤⑥
B. ①②③④⑦⑧
C. ②③④⑤⑥⑧
D. ③④⑤⑥⑦⑧