题目内容
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： The World Health Organization has released a re port about how disease weakens the economies of poor countries. For years, people believed that good health is a direct result of strong economic development. How ever, this study suggests the opposite is true. It says that strong economic development is an important result of improved health.
An international committee of economists and experts in public health and policy carried out the study. It is based on almost ninety investigations in countries a round the world. Some people say the study is the most complete examination to link investments in health care to economic growth. The study calls for a large increase in foreign aid for health care services in developing countries. In the world's richest countries, total spend ing for health care for each person is almost two-thou sand dollars a year. However, in the world's poorest nations, spending on health care for each person is only thirteen dollars a year.
The WHO says this amount should be increased to thirty-eight dollars a year for each person. The money would help poor nations provide treatment for disease. It would also provide babies with important health care early in life.
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Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form. of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth". That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offense against society. To make up for this offense, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception(观念)of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist, He gel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract(对抗)this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own life will pay his debt. The demand of the death penalty is a right, the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him his due.
Modern jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of Corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society. Before a treatment can be administered(实施), the cause of his antisocial behavior. must be found. If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done. Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated from the rest of the society. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers crime. It means that just ice is to heal the individual -- not simply to get even with him. If severe punishment is the only adequate means for accompanying this, it should be administered. However, the individual should be 'given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society, his conviction of crime must not deprive(剥夺)him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.
How is retributive justice reflected in the practice of law？
Let the Games Begin: Winter Olympics 2006 Start in Turin
The Winter Olympic Games open February tenth. An estimated two thousand five hundred athletes and two thousand five hundred officials from about eighty-five countries will take part in the games.
The athletes will compete to win medals in eighty-four events. They will test their skills in seven winter sports: biathlon(冬季两项，包括越野滑雪和步枪射击), bobsleigh(雪车), curling(冰壶), ice hockey(冰球), luge(无舵雪橇), skating and skiing. More than six hundred judges and other officials will supervise the games. About ten thousand reporters and media operators will report on the games. Thousands of people will attend, and millions more around the world will watch the Olympics on television.
History of Olympic Games
This will be the twentieth time the Olympic Winter Games have been held. The last Winter Games were held in Salt Lake City, Utah in the United States in 2002. The next Winter Olympic games will take place in Vancouver, Canada in 2010. The goal of the Olympic games is to bring people together in peace to honor universal moral ideas and the Olympic spirit. The modern Olympics are named after games held in ancient times. The games are said to have started in the ancient Greek city of Olympia, more than 2,700 years ago.
The first thirteen Olympic games were foot races during celebrations to honor the Greek god, Zeus. Winners were honored with a crown of olive leaves placed around their heads. Greece continued to hold the games every four years for the next 1,000 years. The ancient Romans banned them in the 4th century when they ruled Greece. The Romans also destroyed the Olympic centers and sports fields.
The first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece in 1896. Athletes from eight countries competed in ten sports. A French diplomat, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, had proposed a world celebration of sports like the ancient games in Greece.
The purpose was to help athletes develop strength and values through competition. And the international event would provide a way for athletes of all nations to become friends.
Today, the Olympics are the world's most famous sports event. The five rings of the Olympic sign represent this athletic friendship. They represent the linking, through sports, of five parts of the world: Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and the Americas. The colors of the rings are blue, yellow, black, green and red. Under the rings is the Olympic saying in Latin: "Citius, Altius, Fortius." In English, the words mean: "Swifter, Higher, Stronger."
Sports of the Turin Winter Olympics
The Turin Winter Olympics will include 84 events in 7 sports. Some of the sports are well known, like skiing and skating. Others, like luge, are not. Luge is the French word for sled. Luge athletes race by lying on their backs on sleds with steel runners. The athletes control the sleds with their feet as they speed down a track covered with ice. They compete to see who is the fastest. The sleds can reach speeds of up to 130 kilometers an hour.
Curling is another sport that is not as well known. It began in Scotland. Each athlete on a four-member team slides a stone across the ice toward a circular target. The target is about two meters wide. The object is to slide the stone to the center of the target.
Biathlon was added to the Winter Olympic Games in 1960. This sport began as a method for survival. Northern Europeans skied to hunt for food. Later they skied with weapons to defend their countries. Today, biathlon is considered a combination of two sports: cross-country skiing and rifle shooting.
Snowboarding became an Olympic sport in 1998. In this sport, the athletes' feet are attached to a board as they move quickly on the snow. In one event, snowboarders slide up the sides of a huge hole built especially to perform. jumps. The athlet
A strange thing about humans is their capacity for blind rage. Rage is presumably an emotion resulting from survival instinct, but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy(对付)it against other animals. If we encounter a dangerous wild animal -- a poisonous snake or a wild cat -- we do not fly into a temper. If we are unarmed, we show fear and attempt to back away; if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage. We re serve rage for our own species. It is hard to see any survival value in attacking ones own, but if we take account of the long competition which must have existed between our own subspecies and others like Neanderthal man(尼安得特尔人)-- indeed others still more remote from us than Neanderthal man -- human rage becomes more comprehensible.
In our everyday language and behavior. there are many reminders' of those early struggles. We are always using the words "US and them".. "Our" side is perpetually trying to do down the "other" side. In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack. The opposition of "us" and "them" is the touchstone of the two party system of "democratic" politics. Although there are no very serious consequences to many of these modern psychological representations of the "us and them" emotion, it is as well to remember that the original aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exterminate it. The readiness with which humans allow them selves to be regimented(严密编组)has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the "us and them" blind rage, has led to destructive(毁灭性的)clashes within our subspecies itself. The First World War is an example in which Europe divided itself into two imaginary subspecies. And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland. The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the Pope has been able to control it. The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older in its emotional origin. The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear. is imposed from outside the community, or until the combatants become exhausted.
According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is ______.
M: Are you kidding？ I almost went broke over all the equipment I had to buy, and now I can't get funding.
Q: What does the man mean？
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