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When young people who want to be journalists ask me what subject they should study after leaving school, I tell them: "Anything except journalism or media studies."
Most veterans of my trade would say the same. It is practical advice. For obvious reasons, newspaper editors like to employ people who can bring something other than a knowledge of the media to the party that we call our work.
On The Daily Telegraph, for example, the editor of London Spy is a theologian by academic training. The obituaries editor is a philosopher. The editor of our student magazine, Juice, studied physics. As for myself, I read history, ancient and modern, at the taxpayer's expense.
I am not sure what Charles Clarke, the Education Secretary, would make of all this. If I understand him correctly, he would think that the public money spent on teaching this huge range of disciplines to the staff of The Daily Telegraph was pretty much wasted. The only academic course of which he would wholeheartedly approve in the list above would be physics -- but then again, he would probably think it a terrible Waste that Simon Hogg chose to edit Juice instead of designing aero planes or building nuclear reactors. By that, he seems to mean that everything taught at the public expense should have a direct, practical application that will benefit society and the economy.
It is extremely alarming that the man in charge of Britain's education system should think in this narrowminded, half-witted way. The truth, of course, is that all academic disciplines benefit society and the economy, whether in a direct and obvious way or not. They teach students to think -- to process information and to distinguish between what is important and unimportant, true and untrue. Above all, a country in which academic research and intelligent ideas are allowed to flourish is clearly a much more interesting, stimulating and enjoyable place than one without "ornaments", in which money and usefulness are all that count.
Mr. Clarke certainly has a point when he says that much of what is taught in Britain's universities is useless. But it is useless for a far more serious reason than that it lacks any obvious economic utility. As the extraordinarily high drop-out rate testifies, it is useless because it fails the first test of university teaching--that it should stimulate the interest of those being taught. When students themselves think that their courses are a waste of time and money, then a waste they are.
The answer is not to cut off state funding for the humanities. It is to offer short, no-nonsense vocational courses to those who want to learn a trade, and reserve university places for those who want to pursue an academic discipline. By this means, a great deal of wasted money could be saved and all students--the academic and the not-so-academic—would benefit. What Mr. Clarke seems to be proposing instead is an act of cultural vandalism that would rob Britain of all claim to be called a civilized country.
The second paragraph is meant to demonstrate that ______.

A. students of other disciplines than journalism are preferred employees of newspapers
B. young people should learn other subjects than journalism after leaving school.
C. veterans of the author's trade would give the same advice to puzzled youngsters
D. young people should diversify their learning subjects to be better employed

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When the author says that we should intensify our efforts in nutrition education among our

A. should force young people to eat well-balanced meals
B. should tell young people to eat liver, chicken, beef or veal
C. should teach adolescents about nutrition in home economics class
D. should try to change eating habits to get enough iron and other essential nutrients

There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.
In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.
Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent. The progress from a rattle used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.
The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that ______.

A. their social roles are rigidly determined
B. most boys would like to follow their fathers' professions
C. boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers
D. they like challenging activities

17,对房地产估价机构擅自设立分支机构的,房地产行政主管部门可给予()等处罚。

A. 罚款
B. 吊销估价资质证书
C. 吊销营业执照
D. 没收违法所得

People can be addicted to different things—e.g., alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive, i.e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders: they feel they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrational—impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.
There is a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things they don't need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior. a good reason for things that they do and the real reason.
It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business: they consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic value, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.
Psychologists can often use a method called "behavior. therapy" to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.
According to the psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money ______.

A. and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys
B. in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life
C. just to meet his or her strong psychological need
D. entirely with an irrational eagerness

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