题目内容
Hydrothermal vents along the mid-ocean ridges host ephemeral ecosystems of diverse fauna, including several crustacean species, some of which undergo development as larvae up to 1,000 meters above and 100 kilometers away from Line the vents. For example, vent crab Bythograea thermydron (at stage of(5) larvae) possess image-forming compound eyes with a visual pigment sensitive to the blue light of upper oceanic waters. As these larvae metamorphose into adulthood and begin to descend to and settle at the vents, they lose their image-forming optics and develop high-sensitivity naked-retina eyes. With maturation, the spectral absorbance of the visual pigment in these eyes also shifts towards(10) longer wavelengths and this progressive visual metamorphosis trades imaging for increased sensitivity, and changes spectral sensitivity to the dim, longer wavelengths of light existing at the bottom of the ocean. As hydrothermal vents produce light, vision may supplement thermal and chemical senses to orient post-larval settlement at vent sites. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage（）
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二、阅读下面文字，完成下面5个小题。 全球现有活火山600多座，其活动程度可分为喷溢、喷发、爆发3个等级，火山爆发是极强烈的火山活动，范围更大的火山爆发则会给地球环境及生物造成大灾害。 火山爆发除了直接灾害外，还可能引起区域性、全球性气候异常，带来其他自然灾害。1991年我国华东地区出现了百年不遇的特大洪水，专家们分析后认为：菲律宾皮纳图博火山爆发引起了亚洲广大地区天气异常，这可能是洪水爆发的主要原因之一。另据美国地质学家兰皮诺和考古学家安布罗斯考证，现印尼苏门答腊岛上的多巴火山，在7.1万年前曾有过一次极其强烈的爆发。那次火山爆发向大气层喷出了800 方千米的火山灰，使北半球1/3地区持续几个星期笼罩在黑暗之中；然后是长达6年的冬季效应，北半球可能是3/4的植物死亡；再后是长达千年的冰期。5万到7万年前的人口以及物种遗传变化的急剧减少，有可能是多巴火山大爆发造成的。不过，专家们又认为：像多巴火山这样强烈的爆发事件，在21世纪发生的可能性只有1/10000000，故此我们毋须过多担忧。 1999年4月，美国《科学》杂志报道，加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的伦尼等研究人员，通过对美国新泽西州到西非的环大西洋火山的研究，提出了“火山爆发形成大西洋”的假说，他们认为：两亿年前，地球上曾发生过一次迄今为止最强烈的火山爆发，从而使位于现在大西洋位置的原始泛大陆(古代大陆)分裂为几个大洲，并形成大西洋。他们估计：这次火山爆发产生了巨大的熔岩流，其覆盖面积达 700万平方千米，持续时间长达几百万年。这次火山爆发时间正好与三叠纪与侏罗纪的衔接相吻合，大约50%的海洋物种和一些爬行动物都遭到灭顶之灾，从而为后来恐龙的出现和兴盛创了条件。不过，这一假说尚未得到证实。 下列标题中适合做本文标题的一项是（）。
七、阅读下面文字，完成下面4个小题。 在“基本粒子”的大家族中，有一种叫中微子。它那穿山过海，敢于与光速较量的神奇本领和不费吹灰之力穿过地球的拿手好戏，极大地触发了科学家们应用研究的灵感。于是，中微子通信的设想脱颖而出了。这是一种采用中微子束来代替电磁波传递信息的无线通信方式。它可以冲破电磁波通信不可逾越的水下和地下这两大禁区，实现全球无线通信；它保密性好，传递信息快，不受外界干扰，对人体无害。这些优点是其他通信方式无法比拟的。 中微子通信过程和微波通信相似。有发射和接收装置。通信时，发射端首先用高能质子加速器，将质子加速到几千亿电子伏特的能量，然后去轰击一块金属靶子。此时，靶子的背面就会产生许多“短命”的介子，这些介子一边运动，一边发生衰变，从而变成中微子和μ子。再让它们共同穿过钢板，这时μ子被钢板阻挡并衰变了，剩下的就是纯净的中微子束。然后，再用信号对它进行调制，接着通过磁场控制载有信息的中微子束，使之按人的旨意朝一定方向传向目标。 接收端是一个贮有近亿吨水的大水箱，箱内的光探测器星罗棋布。当发射来的中微子束在水中传过时，就会与原子核中的中子发生核反应而生成μ子，μ子在水中高速前进，受到核的减速作用放出光子，这些光子进而被水中的光探测器接收，即可把原来中微子束所携带的信息解调出来，从而达到通信的目的。 下列对中微子通信的理解不正确的一项是（）
Since her own era, Christina Rossetti’s devout Christianity has often been seen as a characteristic setting her apart from the other avowedly non-Christian members of the Pre-Raphaelite circle. In designating their movement a form of line "aesthetic mysticism", one established critic, Alice Law described the place(5) Pre-Raphaelitism holds in the development of Victorian artistic culture as a movement away from a predominantly religious and moralizing function toward a culture of aestheticism—precisely what Rossetti’s work has long been thought to reject. The Pre-Raphaelites’ attention to picturesque detail, the medievalist atmosphere and settings, the pervasive melancholy of their works, and their(10) awareness of their art’s primarily Christian literary and pictorial origins—all these have been traditionally downplayed in their similarity to the characteristics of Christina Rossetti’s poetry. This belief persists, despite the distinctly religious "atmosphere" of much of the work produced by both generations of Pre-Raphaelites: its employment of(15) biblical images and typology; of religious figural language; and, more especially and pervasively, of medievalist backgrounds and settings that were seen by their early audiences to have clearly devotional, if not dangerously "Romanist", associations. When discussing Pre-Raphaelitism as an historical movement, we must remember that the first brotherhood was inspired largely by a sacramental(20) aesthetic that tended to alienate Victorian society, which generally abhorred the notion of sacrifice. It is true that Rossetti’s traditional solution to the Romantic and Victorian literary problem of alienation from nature and the more characteristically Victorian problem of despair at life’s meaninglessness, was fundamentally Christian. But with few exceptions, Rossetti relied on the(25) colloquial and angst-ridden language of both generations of Pre-Raphaelites. Even Swinburne, the Pre-Raphaelite whose anti-orthodoxy and iconoclasm seem to conflict most profoundly with Rossetti’s values, enthusiastically hailed her. That most Victorians themselves perceived Christina Rossetti as unequivocally Pre-Raphaelite in her poetic affinities is clear, for throughout her(30) poetry and much of her prose Christina Rossetti demonstrated true and deep affinities with Pre-Raphaelite aesthetic values, in both innovative and traditional ways. We must not forget her "pictorial" modes of representation, the medieval atmosphere and settings that appear repeatedly in her poems, her appreciation of the world’s physical beauty and its expression in lush images, the intensity of(35) her poems, which seems inseparable from their "sincerity", and not least her preoccupation with love. To a greater extent than figures more peripheral to the Pre-Raphaelite circle, Christina Rossetti produced works that appear to be dominated by the same aesthetic consciousness and literary values that mak Pre-Raphaelitism the central movement which unintentionally spawned the(40) aestheticism of the 1880s and 1890s. Pre-Raphaelitism, in fact, influenced aesthetic thought in a way that made the movement central to the transition from the sentimental moral idealism of the Victorian mainstream to the variously nihilistic, skeptical, and ironic value systems that dominate modern poetry. Which of the following might serve as the most appropriate title for the passage（）
His undoubtedly aggressive behavior only served to further endear him to all who had dealings with him, for they recognized that behind the（）facade, there beat a compassionate heart.
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