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Motorways are, no doubt the safest roads in Britain. Mile (21) mile, vehicle for vehicle, you axe much (22) likely to be killed or seriously injured than on an ordinary road. On (23) hand, if you do have a serious accident on a motorway, fatalities are much more likely to (24) than in a comparable accident (25) on the roads.Motorways have no (26) bends, no roundabouts or traffic lights and (27) speeds are much greater than on other roads. Though the 70 mph limit is (28) in force, it is often treated with the contempt that most drivers have for the 30 mph limit applying in built up areas in Britain. Added to this is the fact that motorway drivers seem to like traveling in groups with perhaps (29) ten meters between each vehicle. The resulting horrific pile-ups (30) one vehicle stops for some reason—mechanical failure, driver error and so on—have become all (31) familiar through pictures in newspapers or on television. How (32) of these drivers realize that it takes a car about one hundred meters to brake to a stop (33) 70 mph Drivers also seem to think that motorway driving gives them complete protection from the changing weather. (34) wet the road, whatever the visibility in mist or fog, they (35) at ridiculous speeds oblivious of police warnings or speed restrictions (36) their journey comes to a conclusion.Perhaps one remedy (37) this motorway madness would be better driver education. At present, learner drivers are barred (38) motorways and are thus as far as this kind of driving is (39) , thrown in at the deep end. However, much more efficient policing is required, (40) it is the duty of the police not only to enforce the law but also to protect the general public from its own foolishness. 39（）
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The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the years as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions.The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Final]y, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines.The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit, however, the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance.The underlying task of public policy for the year ahead--and indeed for the longer run--remained a familiar one: to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve our competitive posture internationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three Program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large; however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy’s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided. Part of the public policy task, as outlined in the text, is to（）
企业的自营出口要自负盈亏。 ( )
Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction room to make offers, or "bids", for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called "knocking down" the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum. The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auctio, meaning "increase". The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called sub basra, meaning "under the spear", a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold "by the candle", a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight. Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction rooms at Christie’s and Sotheby’s in London and New York are world-famous. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a "lot", is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order, he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible. The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the goods he is selling, and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the rivalries among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. It is largely on his advice that a seller will fix a "reserve" price, that is, a price below which the goods cannot be sold. Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a "knockout", whereby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to bid against each other, but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder, in the hope of buying goods at extremely low prices. If such a "knockout" comes off, the real auction sale takes place privately afterwards among the dealers. An auctioneer likes to get high prices for the goods he sells because ______.
(1)2008年5月1日，合同副本：上海A工业自营出口厂与瑞士B公司订立出口手帕10万打的合同，单价SFR5/打，CIF汉堡。瑞士B公司在汉堡驻有分公司，代办接货转运及货款结算事宜。 (2)5月10日，B公司开来汉堡市银行即期付款信用证(HB12345号)，由德累斯登银行上海分行通知A厂，并任付款行。装运限期6月10日，有效期6月20日。通知手续费1‰，汇率为SFR1=CNY6.6896/6.7433。 (3)6月1日，本厂仓库出库单：库存成本每打￥20。 (4)6月2日，中国人民保险公司保险单：保险费SFR 5500。商品检验局检验费3‰人民币收据。购汇水单上汇率同前。 (5)6月5日，市内运费单据4000元。报关单副本一联。 (6)6月7日，海运提单副本，海运运费单据USD 20000。购汇水单上汇率为1:8。 (7)6月9日，本厂业务科发票，内容同合同，号码CN23456，汇率同前。 (8)6月10日，财务科作成汇票并连同全套商业单证向德累斯登银行上海分行交单，要求付款。当天结汇，另在收入外汇中扣除手续费1.5‰及单据邮递费、电报费SFR30。结汇水单上汇率为1:6.654,并另向该行购汇委托汇付德方中间商SFR佣金2%，汇款手续费1‰，购汇水单上汇率为6.7075。 (9)7月20日，收到汉堡B公司索赔函，因每箱内少装，共短量500打，要求按原CIF价赔偿，附SGS公证行商检证书。当即向德累斯登银行购汇汇付SFR 2500，并付汇款手续费1‰，购汇水单上的汇率为6.6383/6.6916。 要求： (1)作成分录。 (2)假设上述局部情况有变动，试改作相关会计分录。 1)开来的为议付信用证，6月10日议付。德累斯登银行规定议付邮程及审单日期共15天，年利率为7.2%，议付手续费2‰、邮电费SFR130。 2)在7月1日到期(迟付)付款的信用证，结汇汇率6.724，手续费率1.5‰。 3)未开信用证而商定按D/A90天付款。交单托收日期仍为6月10日。代收行汉堡市银行6月15日交B公司承兑，索赔情况同上。同意B公司在付款日扣付索赔款。6月15日汇率为6.6343：9月15日汇率为6.0107。
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