题目内容
2000年1月甲公司的高级工程师乙研制出一种节油装置，完成了该公司的技术攻坚课题，并达到国际领先水平。2000年2月甲公司将该装置样品提供给我国政府承认的某国际技术展览会展出。同年3月，乙未经单位同意，在向某国外杂志的投稿论文中透露了该装置的核心技术，该杂志将论文全文刊载，引起甲公司不满。同年6月，丙公司依照该杂志的报道很快研制了样品，并作好了批量生产的必要准备。甲公司于2000年7月向我国专利局递交专利申请书。2000年12月丁公司也根据该杂志开始生产该节油装置。2003年5月7日国务院专利行政部门授予甲公司发明专利，2003年7月甲公司向法院提起诉讼，分别要求丙公司和丁公司停止侵害并赔偿损失。 丁公司实施甲公司发明的行为是否构成侵权行为？
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Once you decide to choose a topic to write an effective paragraph, the first key to write a good topic sentence. The topic sentence does two things: it tells the reader what the topic of the paragraph is, and it says something about that topic. What the topic sentence says about the topic is called the controlling idea; it is the point of the paragraph, and every other sentence in the paragraph must be related to this point.The topic sentence should be the first sentence in the paragraph unless there is some special reason for placing it somewhere else. When the topic sentence is the first sentence of the paragraph, the reader immediately knows what you intend to discuss. In addition, you have the topic sentence to refer to as you make each of the other sentences in the paragraph, so that you can be sure that each of those sentences refers to your subject and to your controlling idea. Sometimes experienced writers put the topic sentence at the end of the paragraph or even in the middle to create some kind of special impression; but while you are still learning to write effective paragraphs, it is safest to put the topic sentence at the beginning unless you have a special reason for doing something else.A good topic sentence is a clear, definite statement with a limited and special topic and a limited and specific controlling idea. It is usually placed at the beginning of the paragraph. Now that you have had some practice in identifying and constructing good topic sentences, we are ready to look at some of the basic principles that govern the composition of effective paragraphs. We can guess that the topic of the passage following this one（）
2003年1月1日，某甲在公园游玩时，把佩戴的一条项链丢失。该项链被公园的管理人员拾得后交给了有关的行政管理部门。因某甲未能在行政管理部门规定的保管期限内前去认领，该行政管理部门即依照有关规定将项链交给代售店拍卖。该项链后来被某乙以拍卖价买下。2004年秋，某乙因参加运动会，把项链放在更衣室中，因人多混杂，管理不善，项链被小偷偷走。2005年1月，这个小偷被抓获。在审讯过程中，小偷供认自己曾偷得一条项链，并已将该项链以900元现款卖给了同事某丙，某丙并不知内情。经查，项链的失主为某乙。某乙即根据公安局的通知前去认领，某乙拿回来项链后又借给某丁使用。某甲偶然认得此项链是自己在公园丢失的那条，要求某乙返还，某乙不允；某丙也认为项链是自己买的，要求拥有该项链，三方争执不下，于是某甲和某丙均起诉至人民法院，要求确认各自对项链的所有权。某丙的权利如何维护
M: How long does it take you to get to workW: It’s only a 15-minute bus drive early in the morning. But coming home at the end of the day is quite different. Then it takes at least 20 to 30 minutes. How much time does the woman spend in traveling from her home to work in the morning（）
It is hard to get a grip on food. The UN’s World Health Organisation worries about diminishing supplies and increased prices in poor countries; recent riots and near-riots in Haiti, Bangladesh and Egypt were sparked by the growing cost of wheat and rice. But, as Paul Roberts observes in "The End of Food", the developed world has lived through "a near miraculous period during which the things we ate seemed to grow only more plentiful, more secure, more nutritious, and simply better. " 46． In the second half of the 20th century, world output of corn, wheat and cereal crops more than tripled. Yet there is not enough to feed the rich, the aspirational and the poor in the world. A golden age has been transformed quite suddenly into a global crisis.Mr Roberts insists that modern agribusiness is unsustainable and becoming more so. "Precisely at the moment in history when we need to shift our system of food production into overdrive, our agricultural engine is breaking down," he says. The industry has taken cheap oil for granted. Oil fuels transportation and farm machinery, and natural gas is the basis of synthetic nitrogen production ( prices have tripled since 2002). Agriculture accounts for three- quarters of freshwater use, and water is becoming an increasingly scarce and expensive resource. Climate change makes some old assumptions about farming redundant. 47．A combination of these factors, he says, will ultimately force a complete rethinking of the way we make food.For years government subsidies held down grain prices, making food cheaper. 48．Water was also plentiful-it takes 1,000 tonnes of water to produce a tonne of grain-and an ingenious process known as Haber-Bosch makes synthetic nitrogen fertiliser easily available to grain farmers. Ruthless price-cutting at supermarkets means consumers have grown accustomed to eating too much. (In the late 19th century, Europeans already thought Americans ate three or four times more than was necessary. ) The most damaging consequence is that by 2000 31% of American adults were obese, with another 16% defined as overweight. American airlines spend $ 275 million a year more on fuel simply to lift the heavier passengers. Mr Roberts claims that every year obesity causes 400,000 premature deaths in America. Food has become as deadly as tobacco.A fruitful start would be to halve the size of portions in all American restaurants, but most consumers are reluctant rethinkers. 49．Eating organic product could be a partial solution, although one study suggests that the cost of avoiding intensive farm chemicals would mean a 31% increase in food prices. Government scientists believe that genetically modified crops might be the only way out of the crisis, but a majority of consumers are reluctant to listen.Is there a model for the future 50．Fashionably, Mr. Roberts believes that a local system based on easily obtainable seasonal foods that do not need to be transported huge distances would form part of a solution. The economics and greenery of this are far from proven. Mr Roberts can find only one country that has made "serious efforts" in this direction: Cuba, hardly a comforting example. The coming food crisis, warns the author, is as intractable as global warming, and no less urgent. 50
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