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Computer Needs Emotion The next big breakthrough in artificial intelligence could come from giving machines not just more logical capacity, but emotional capacity as well. Feeling aren’t usually associated with inanimate(无生命的) machines, but Posalind Picard, a professor of computer technology at MIT, believes emotion may be just the thing computes need to work effectively. Computers need artificial emotion both to understand their human users better and to achieve self-analysis and self-improvement, says Picard. "If we want computers to be genuinely intelligent, to adapt to us, and to interact naturally with us, then they will need the ability to recognize and express emotions, to have emotions, and to have what has come to be called emotional intelligence," Picard says. One way that emotions can help computers, she suggests, is by helping keep them from crashing. Today’s computers produce error messages, but they do not have a "gut feeling" of knowing when something is wrong or doesn’t make sense. A healthy fear of death could motivate a computer to stop trouble as soon as it stars. On the other hand, self-preservation would need to be subordinate to service to humans. It was fear of its own death that promoted RAL, the fictional computer in the film 2002: A Space Odyssey, to extermine (消灭) most of its human associates. Similarly, computers that could "read" their users would accumulate a store of highly personal information about us—not just what we said and did, but what we likely thought and felt. "Emotion not only contribute to a richer quality of interaction, but they directly impact a person’s ability to interact in an intelligent way," Picard says. "Emotional skills, especially the ability to recognize and express emotions, are essential for natural communication with humans.\ The film 2002 :A Space Odyssey (Par
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Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep The United States Food and Drug Administration(美国食品药品管理局) has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders, It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs. Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic (过敏性的) reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep. Last year, a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island, crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepiness. The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented. However, the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities. A Food and Drug Administration official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare. But, he also said there are probably more cases than are reported. He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs. The Food and Drug Administration has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem. An allergic reaction to sleeping pills may sometimes cause a user to die.
U.S. to Start $ 3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January A study that will cost $ 3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U. S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday. Officials from the U. S. government’s National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness. The study will examine hereditary(遗传的) and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health. Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said. Officials said more than $ 200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion. "We anticipat that in the long term(从长远来说), what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation’s health care costs," Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters. The study will begin in January. when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up(使报名从事) pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21. Some of the early findings will be ’about factors behind pre-term birth(早产), which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study. The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said. The babies of the participants will be followed ______.
We should ______ (关心年轻一代的教育问题).
Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep The United States Food and Drug Administration(美国食品药品管理局) has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders, It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs. Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic (过敏性的) reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep. Last year, a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island, crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepiness. The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented. However, the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities. A Food and Drug Administration official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare. But, he also said there are probably more cases than are reported. He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs. The Food and Drug Administration has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem. FDA considers it the producers’ duty to warn the users of sleeping pills about the serious side effects and to tell them how to use safely.
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