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Soil tilth refers to a series of physical and mechanical properties reflected in soil tillage.

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Rainfall, irrigation, human and animal trampling, and mechanical compaction all can compact the soil and reduce the porosity. Deep plowing and applying organic fertilizer both increase soil porosity.

Planting green manure crops is an effective measure for increasing soil organic matter and improving soil structure. Green manure crops have developed roots with strong penetration. They have strong cutting and extrusion effect on subsoil. Meanwhile, the earthworms and other animals in subsurface soil can together make the compacted soil become looser.

When the aerobic microorganisms in soil are active, it is difficult for organic matter to accumulate and it is not conducive to the formation of soil structure. The alternation of anoxic and aerobic condition is beneficial to the formation of soil structure.

In a certain water content range, soil can be shaped by external forces. When the external forces disappear or the soil is dry, soil can still maintain its shape. This is the soil plasticity.