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Passage Three In the primary school, a child is in a comparatively simple setting and most of the time forms a relationship with one familiar teacher. On entering secondary school, a new world opens up and frequently it is a much more difficult world. The pupil soon learns to be less free in the way he speaks to teachers and even to his fellow pupils. He begins to lose gradually the free and easy ways of the primary school, for he senses the need for a more cautious approach in the secondary school where there are older pupils. Secondary staff and pupils suffer from the pressures of academic work and seem to have less time to stop and talk. Teachers with specialist roles may see hundreds of children in a week, and a pupil may be able to form relationships with very few of the staff. ①He has to decide which adults are approachable; good schools will make clear to every young person from the first year what guidance and personal help is available but whether the reality of life in the institution actually encourages requests for help is another matter. Adults often forget what a confusing picture school can offer to a child. He sees a great deal of movement, a great number of people-often rather frightening-looking people-and realizes that an increasing number of choices and decisions have to be made. As he progresses through the school the confusion may become less but the choices and decisions required will increase. ②The school will rightly expect the pupil to take the first steps to obtain the help he needs, for this is the pattern of adult life for which he has to be prepared, but all the time the opportunities for personal and group advice must be presented in a way which makes them easy to understand and within easy reach of pupils. In secondary schools every pupil having problems should______
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Passage Three In the primary school, a child is in a comparatively simple setting and most of the time forms a relationship with one familiar teacher. On entering secondary school, a new world opens up and frequently it is a much more difficult world. The pupil soon learns to be less free in the way he speaks to teachers and even to his fellow pupils. He begins to lose gradually the free and easy ways of the primary school, for he senses the need for a more cautious approach in the secondary school where there are older pupils. Secondary staff and pupils suffer from the pressures of academic work and seem to have less time to stop and talk. Teachers with specialist roles may see hundreds of children in a week, and a pupil may be able to form relationships with very few of the staff. ①He has to decide which adults are approachable; good schools will make clear to every young person from the first year what guidance and personal help is available but whether the reality of life in the institution actually encourages requests for help is another matter. Adults often forget what a confusing picture school can offer to a child. He sees a great deal of movement, a great number of people-often rather frightening-looking people-and realizes that an increasing number of choices and decisions have to be made. As he progresses through the school the confusion may become less but the choices and decisions required will increase. ②The school will rightly expect the pupil to take the first steps to obtain the help he needs, for this is the pattern of adult life for which he has to be prepared, but all the time the opportunities for personal and group advice must be presented in a way which makes them easy to understand and within easy reach of pupils. In this passage about secondary schools, the author is mainly concerned about______
Passage One The West Indians are a naturally musical people. It was the Trinidadians who invented the steel band, one of the most extraordinary musical inventions ever made. Young Trinidadians made the discovery when they started banging on empty oil drums left behind by the American troops who were in Trinidad during World War II. They found that each drum when hit made a different noise, so they started taming them until everyone noted that bass and trebles could be "drummed". Years later a Trinidadian steel band was invited to Vienna, where they played Mozart to a surprised audience. The beating of drums goes way back to their ancestors in Africa. Africans today still beat drums on special occasions. But in the West Indies steel drums can also be played along with calypsos, a form of Caribbean folk song which was first sung in Trinidad. Calypsos have a strong, simple rhythm. The words are sometimes written down, but the best calypsos are invented by the singer as he goes along, and they have as their subject matter unpopular politicians, exciting events, and cricket victories. Competitions are held during Trinidad’s Carnival festivities and the singer who gets the most votes is given the title"King" or "Queen" Calypsonian. American musicians have also had a strong influence on the island ever since U.S. troops were there in the war. Trinidadians visit Louisiana and bring back the latest music from America. Carnival was brought to Trinidad by the French. It is the main event in the Trinidadian cale,dar starting after Christmas and reaching its most exciting moments during the last two days before Ash Wednesday. Then all work stops and crowds move through the streets, dancing and singing and wearing all kinds of different clothes. There are groups dressed as policemen or characters from the Bible, animals, birds, and insects. Some walk on tall stilts(long sticks), swaying above the crowd. Some young Trinidadians discovered that metal drums could be used to play music when they______
Passage Four The U.S. Treasury Department has redesigned the $100 bill, and has begun releasing the new currency recently. Treasury Department spent nearly 10 years on the redesign and has added a number of state-of-the-art features: micro printing, color-shifting ink, a polymer(聚合物) security thread. The most striking change, however, is the enlargement of Benjamin Franklin’s portrait: he now dominates the bill like a movie star in a newspaper advertisement. The money we carry around is so familiar that whenever a new bill or coin is introduced, it creates a ripple(波动) in our ordinary lives. But not much more than a ripple, and since few people use $100 bills regularly, most Americans greet the arrival of the new note with no stronger emotion than curiosity. Some foreigners, by contrast, have become clearly worried by the news of its arrival. Around the world, U.S. currency-and the $100 bill in particular-is often treated as the ultimate repository(贮藏所) of value. The Federal Reserve estimates that two-thirds of all U.S. cash circulates outside the United States. In nations where inflation is high and where there are few credible banking institutions-from Latin America to Africa-people save and conduct business in $100 bills. And with the U.S. issuing new $100 bills, many abroad are worrying that the ones they already have are about to become worthless. The fear is most widespread in Russia. The Russian Central Bank estimates that somewhere between $15 billion and $20 billion of U.S. currency is in Russia, about 80% of it in the form of $100 bills. Everyone from small savers to businessmen to members of Mafia(黑手党) relies on hundreds, so the changes in the bill are causing high anxiety. Many Russians have already changed their meager(微不足道) supply of $100 bills into smaller U.S. notes. But over the next few years Treasury plans to redesign every note except the $1 bill. Which of the following is TRUE concerning U.S. currency in Russia
Passage Two Recently the Department of Planning of New York issued a report which laid bare a full scale of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the city’s population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had risen to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the U.S.-born offspring of immigrants. So immigrants and their children now form a majority of the city’s population. Who are these New Yorkers Why do they come here Where are they from(OK, time to drop the "they". I’m one of them.) The last question at least is easy to answer: we come from everywhere. In the list of the top 20 source nations of those sending immigrants to New York between 1990 and 1994 are six countries in Asia, five in the Caribbean, four in Latin America, three in Europe, plus Israel and former Soviet Union. And when we immigrants get here we roll up our sleeves. "If you’re not ready to work when you get to New York," says a friend of mine, "you’d better hit the road." The mayor of New York once said, "Immigration continues to shape the unique character and drive the economic engine of New York City." He believes that immigrants are at the heart of what makes New York great. In Europe, by contrast, it is much more common to hear politicians worry about the loss of "unity" that immigration brings to their societies. In the quarter century since 1970, the United States admitted about 125 million legal immigrants, and has absorbed them into its social structures with ease beyond the imagination of other nations. Since these immigrants are purposeful and hard-working, they will help America to make a flesh start in the next century. The mayor of New York considers immigration to be ______
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