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课程标准是教材编写的依据，教材是课程标准最主要的载体。
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The work for which Thomas Malthus is still most widely known is his Essay on the Principle of Population, which first appeared in 1798. This book introduced Malthus’s __67__ that population inescapably outgrows subsistence (生活资料), and that this difference __68__ population size and the ability to adequately meet the __69__ subsistence needs of all the members of that population " naturally" produces a fundamental struggle for __70__ in which some flourish at the __71__ of others. Charles Darwin’s most important contribution __72__ the field of biology, described in his work. On the Origin of Species, was to __73__ Malthus’s observation that plants and animals multiply faster than nature can provide for them to his own __74__ of the process of "evolution" - the notion that different forms of life develop __75__ from a common ancestry (祖先). Combining these elements, Darwin __76__ that the factors of "the struggle for existence" and "the survival of the fittest" are the central mechanisms __77__ which evolution is based. In this sense, then. Darwin introduced the possibility __78__ conflict and struggle are biological phenomena, which are __79__ central to human social existence. A number of more contemporary social thinkers were __80__ by Darwin and continued this particular version of the conflict perspective, commonly referred to __81__ social Darwinism, into the twentieth century-Thus, for example, Herbert Spencer, a __82__ English social theorist, applied these ideas of the natural __83__ of conflict and survival of the fittest to his . notion of social evolution, __84__ William Graham Summer, an American sociologist, saw the __85__ for survival among individual actors as operating to bring about fundamental __86__ in the quality of human social life overall. 83（）
There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ______ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ______, never reach the outside world. Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ______ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ______ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is (40) ______ about us in one place or another- and for one reason or another - can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ______ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ______, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) ______ at the local, state, and federal level. A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized data as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ___ as the computer becomes increasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a national survey showed that (45)_____. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46)_____. 43（）
Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need. It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a fragrant flavor was added to the vitamin-enriched fluid, the rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it, even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water. In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were.In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them. They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in, We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet.So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what’s best for them. Apparently, there is a kind of "body wisdom", which humans soon lose. Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could. Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits. Some people eat foxes, dogs and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs. So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them. The expression "the habit" (paragraph 1, sentence 4) refers to drinking water which （）
RIP是一种基于（52）算法的路由协议，一个通路上最大跳数是（53），更新路由表的原则是到各个目标网络的（54）。 54（）
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