When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not meet the standard of the manufacturer’s claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumers may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they can not get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "this stereo does not work".The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers’ rights. If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, whom is it better to complain to().
A shop assistant.
B. A store manager.
C. The manufacturer.
D. A public organization.
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Evolutionary theories. The Belgian George Lemaitre proposed the idea that about 20000 million years ago all the matter in the universe—enough, he estimated, to make up a hundred thousand million galaxies—was all concentrated in one small mass, which he called the "primeval atom". This primeval atom exploded for some reasons, sending its matter out in all directions, and as the expansion slowed down, a steady state resulted, at which time the galaxies formed. Something then upset the balance and the universe started expanding again, and this is the state in which the universe is now. There are variations on this theory: it may be that there was no steady state. However, basically, evolutionary theories take it that the universe was formed in one place at one point in time and has been expanding ever since.Will the universe continue to expand It may be that the universe will continue to expand for ever, but some astronomers believe that the expansion will slow down and finally stop. Thereafter the universe will start to contract until all the matter in it is once again concentrated at one point. Possibly the universe may oscillate for ever in this fashion, expanding to its maximum and then contracting over again.The steady-state theory. Developed at Cambridge by Hoyle, Gold and Bodi, the steady-state theory maintains that the universe as a whole has always looked the same and always will. As the galaxies expand away from each other, new material is formed in some ways between the galaxies and makes up new galaxies to take place of those which have receded. Thus the general distribution of galaxies remains the same. How matter could be formed in this way is hard to see, but no harder than seeing why it should all form in one place at one time.How can we decide which of these theories is closer to the truth The method is in principle quite simple. Since the very distant galaxies are thousands of millions of light years away, then we are seeing them as they were thousands of millions of years ago. If the evolutionary theory is correct, the galaxies were closer together in the past than they are now, and so distant galaxies ought to appear to be closer together than nearer ones. According to the steady-state theory there should be no difference.The evidence seems to suggest that there is a difference, that the galaxies were closer together than they are now, and so the evolutionary theory is partially confirmed and the steady-state theory—in its original form at least—must be rejected. What do both theories assume to be true().
A. That new material is continually being formed.
B. That, in time, the universe will contract.
C. That the universe is expanding at present.
D. That "a big hang" started the expansion.
左肾巨大结石并重度积水,IVP示左肾不显影,右肾功能正常,应行
A. 肾窦肾盂切开取石
B. 肾部分切除术
C. 肾实质切开取石
D. 肾切除术
E. 输尿管套石术
减少尿酸形成时可服用
A. 氧化镁或维生素B6
B. 氯化铵
C. 碳酸氢钠
D. 氯化钾
E. 别嘌呤醇
肾内型肾盂结石,直径2cm大小,应行
A. 肾窦肾盂切开取石
B. 肾部分切除术
C. 肾实质切开取石
D. 肾切除术
E. 输尿管套石术