题目内容
Economic globalization is a powerful trend, driven by a (36) of technological developments, profit-seeking businesses, and generally supportive public policy. But globalization is also less (37) and more fragile than is widely-believed by both its supporters and its opponents. The demise of the first wave of globalization in the early decades of the twentieth century (38) demonstrates that it is not an irreversible trend. National borders and policies continue to play a role in limiting and directing international (39) . Discontent with globalization is widespread enough to be (40) . The most extreme and active of globalization’s opponents depict it as the source of all that is wrong in the modern world, including poverty, (41) , inequality, violence, and war.Those of us who believe in globalization need to defend it. We need to continue to provide and to (42) not just the actual goods, services, and capital that flow across international borders, but the associated trade in ideas, skills, and institutions as well. When (43) by sensible, market-oriented public policies, globalization can be a great benefit to national wealth and social development.(44) . nor is it a plot by profit-hungry mega-corporations to exploit workers and deprive the environment. At the most fundamental level, (45) . Acts of buying, selling, producing, borrowing, and lending that used to be ruled but by geographic, technological, or legal barriers have now become practical. (46) , precisely because globalization embodies. such a vast and marvelous array of new economic opportunities. 41（）
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"Why are working mothers so furious all the time" I was asked recently. An answer, not entirely rational, springs to mind. "Personally, I could use a travel agent." It’s a joke, sort of. School vacation is coming up. I’m swamped at work, and trip planning has become a time-consuming hell. A simple family vacation requires innumerable visits to destination websites; a suspicious scouring of rankings and reviews; and, at the heart-stopping final moment, a purchase on a site where prices and availability seem to change by the second.The yearning for an old-school travel agent is a metaphor for deeper and probably unsolvable problems of domestic life. First, any illusion that mothers might have had about full-time employment as a "lifestyle choice" has, in this economy, been stripped away. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics data, 77 percent of American women with school-age children work; a quarter says they sometimes work from home; a third works on the weekends. Why Women fare better than men in this employment market.Second, the "service economy" of the boom years has become a nightmare of self-service. Individuals, under increasing pressure to perform at work, have to do for themselves all kinds of things that other people---middlemen, customer-service agents, HR managers, and administrative assistants-- used to do. This has given rise to the most tedious household chore of all. domestic administration, health-insurance forms, 401(k)planning, personal banking, tech support, expenses, gift returns-- these have become existentially (真实存在的) torturing, a maze of entrances and passwords. And on the phone Robot voices that lead nowhere in the direction of human help."You’re focused on making the reservation, and the email, and the deadline at work tomorrow," says Ellen Galinsky, president of Families and Work Institute. "We’re supposed to be paying attention to all of it, all the time." Beneath these newer realities of modern life lies an unquestionable truth: American corporate structures and marriages still do not fully accommodate the working mom, which means that women are still in charge of haircuts, doctors’ appointments, and birthday parties. That’s why vacation planning on the Internet, though harmless in itself, feels like the very last straw. If you make telephone calls, you may find that robot voices seldom lead you to（）
"Why are working mothers so furious all the time" I was asked recently. An answer, not entirely rational, springs to mind. "Personally, I could use a travel agent." It’s a joke, sort of. School vacation is coming up. I’m swamped at work, and trip planning has become a time-consuming hell. A simple family vacation requires innumerable visits to destination websites; a suspicious scouring of rankings and reviews; and, at the heart-stopping final moment, a purchase on a site where prices and availability seem to change by the second.The yearning for an old-school travel agent is a metaphor for deeper and probably unsolvable problems of domestic life. First, any illusion that mothers might have had about full-time employment as a "lifestyle choice" has, in this economy, been stripped away. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics data, 77 percent of American women with school-age children work; a quarter says they sometimes work from home; a third works on the weekends. Why Women fare better than men in this employment market.Second, the "service economy" of the boom years has become a nightmare of self-service. Individuals, under increasing pressure to perform at work, have to do for themselves all kinds of things that other people---middlemen, customer-service agents, HR managers, and administrative assistants-- used to do. This has given rise to the most tedious household chore of all. domestic administration, health-insurance forms, 401(k)planning, personal banking, tech support, expenses, gift returns-- these have become existentially (真实存在的) torturing, a maze of entrances and passwords. And on the phone Robot voices that lead nowhere in the direction of human help."You’re focused on making the reservation, and the email, and the deadline at work tomorrow," says Ellen Galinsky, president of Families and Work Institute. "We’re supposed to be paying attention to all of it, all the time." Beneath these newer realities of modern life lies an unquestionable truth: American corporate structures and marriages still do not fully accommodate the working mom, which means that women are still in charge of haircuts, doctors’ appointments, and birthday parties. That’s why vacation planning on the Internet, though harmless in itself, feels like the very last straw. Under these newer circumstances of modern life, the fact that working moms are still not fully accommodated by American corporate structures and marriages is（）.
[听力原文]W: Hi.M: Hi, I’m going door to door tonight to tell people about the Student Action Coalition. Do you have a few minutesW: Sure. You know, I think I read something in the newspaper last week.M: Yeah. There was an article about us in the last issue. See, we’re trying to protect and conserve some of the open spaces in campus.W: That’s right. You are the group that’s opposing the extension of the parking lot next to Darwin Hall, rightM: That’s right. We just feel it is important to save some of the natural beauty of the campus. Some of those trees are hundreds of years old.W: It’s a pretty spot. My friends and I had picnics over there by the stream.M: Then you’ll understand how we feel. We are going to organize a protest on Thursday afternoon to get the administration to reconsider the parking lot plan.W: Well, I have a class on Thursday after noon.M: But maybe you could sign this appeal letter. We are going to submit it to the administration to demonstrate how the students feel about this.W: Sure, let me get a pen and I will sign it.M: I have a pen right here. And let me leave you this booklet about the Student Action Union. Maybe you could come to some of our meetings. We get together once a month.W: Yeah, I’d like to know more about your group. Let me know when the next meeting is and I will try to be there.How did the woman first learn about the Student Action Coalition（）
Record Level of Stress Found in College FreshmenThe emotional health of college freshmen--who feel buffeted by the recession and stressed by the pressures of high school--has declined to the lowest level since an annual survey of incoming students started collecting data 25 years ago.In the survey, "The American Freshman: National Norms Fall 2010", involving more than 200,000 incoming full-time students at four-year colleges, the percentage of students rating themselves as "below average" in emotional health rose. Meanwhile, the percentage of students who said their emotional health was above average fell to 52 percent. It was 64 percent in 1985.Every year, women had a less positive view of their emotional health than men, and that gap has widened.Campus counselors say the survey results are the latest evidence of what they see every day in their offices--students who are depressed, under stress and using psychiatric medication, prescribed even before they came to college.The economy has only added to the stress, not just because of financial pressures on their parents but also because the students are worried about their own college debt and job prospects when they graduate."This fits with what we’re all seeing," said Brian Van Brunt, director of counseling at Western Kentucky University and president of the American College Counseling Association. "More students are arriving on campus with problems, needing support, and today’s economic factors are putting a lot of extra stress on college students, as they look at their loans and wonder if there will be a career waiting for them on the other side."The annual survey of freshmen is considered the most comprehensive because of its size and longevity. At the same time, the question asking students to rate their own emotional health compared with that of others is hard to assess, since it requires them to come up with their own definition of emotional health, and to make judgments of how they compare with their peers."Most people probably think emotional health means, ’Am I happy most of the time, and do I feel good about myself’ so it probably correlates with mental health," said Dr. Mark Reed, the psychiatrist who directs Dartmouth College’s counseling office."I don’t think students have an accurate sense of other people’s mental health," he added. "There’s a lot of pressure to put on a perfect face, and people often think they’re the only ones having trouble."To some extent, students’ decline in emotional health may result from pressures they put on themselves.While first-year students’ assessments of their emotional health were declining, their ratings of their own drive to achieve, and academic ability, have been going up, and reached a record high in 2010, with about three-quarters saying they were above average."Students know their generation is likely to be less successful than their parents, so they feel more pressure to succeed than in the past," said Jason Ebbeling, director of residential education at Southern Oregon University. "These days, students worry that even with a college degree they won’t find a job that pays more than minimum wage, so even at 15 or 16 they’re thinking they’ll need to get into an M. B. A. program or Ph. D. program."Other findings in the survey underscore the degree to which the economy is weighing on college students. "Paternal unemployment is at the highest level since we started measuring," said John Pryor, director of the Cooperative Institutional Research Program at U. C. L. A. ’s Higher Education Research Institute, which does the annual freshman survey. "More students are taking out loans. And we’re seeing the impact of not being able to get a summer job, and the importance of financial aid in choosing which college they’re going to attend.""We don’t know exactly why students’ emotional health is declining," he said. "But it seems the economy could be a lot of it."For many young people, serious stress starts before college. The share of students who said on the survey that they had been frequently overwhelmed by all they had to do during their senior year of high school rose to 29 percent from 27 percent last year.The gender gap on that question was even larger than on emotional health, with 18 percent of the men saying they had been frequently overwhelmed, compared with 39 percent of the women.There is also a gender gap, studies have shown, in the students who seek out college mental health services, with women making up 60 percent or more of the clients."Boys are socialized not to talk about their feelings or express stress, while girls are more likely to say they’re having a tough time," said Perry C. Francis, coordinator for counseling services at Eastern Michigan University in Ypsilanti. "Guys might go out and do something destructive, or stupid, that might include property damage. Girls act out differently."Linda Sax, a professor of education at U. C. L. A. and former director of the freshman study who uses the data in research about college gender gaps, said the gap between men and women on emotional well-being was one of the largest in the survey."One aspect of it is how women and men spent their leisure time," she said, "Men tend to find more time for leisure and activities that relieve stress, like exercise and sports, while women tend tc take on more responsibilities, like volunteer work and helping out with their family, that don’t relieve stress."In addition, Professor Sax has explored the role of the faculty in college students’ emotional health, and found that interactions with faculty members were particularly remarkable for women. Negative interactions had a greater impact on their mental health."Women’s sense of emotional well-being was more closely tied to how they felt the faculty treated them," she said. "It wasn’t so much the level of contact as whether they felt they were being taken seriously by the professor. If not, it was more detrimental to women than to men." She added: "And while men who challenged their professor’s ideas in class had a decline in stress, for women it was associated with a decline in well-being.\ Professor Sax has found that for women it is particularly remarkable to（）.
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