题目内容
Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to de more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes.
The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases -- the leading causes of death in the United States -- and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.
"In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability health care costs are caused by chronic diseases,." the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement.
The causes are often behavioral -- smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.
"I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for future," Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.
"Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle. choices."
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003.
"These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation arc not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier, longer lives," he said.
The $15 million is slated (计划) to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.
The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being aged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.
The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including Pap tests for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies, and prostate checks.
If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that file survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.
Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the U. S.？
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Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what causes malnutrition (营养不良), the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sulphur (硫)or lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills, and raw sewage in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination.
Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause. Either way, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out. Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect. Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone out, the refrigerator won't work, we first relate the effect (light out) to the cause (power off) and then relate that cause to another effect (refrigerator not working). This kind of reasoning is called, for short, effect to effect. It is quite common to reason through an extensive chain of causal relations. When the lights go out, we might reason in the following causal chain: lights out--power off--refrigerator not working -- temperature will rise -- milk will sour. In the other words, we diagnose a succession of effects from the power failure, each becoming the cause of the next.
Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory. A necessary cause is one which must be present for the effect to occur as combustion (燃烧) is necessary to drive a gasoline engine. A sufficient cause is one which can produce an effect unaided, though there may be more than one sufficient cause: a dead battery is enough to keep a ear from starting, but faulty spark plugs or an empty gas tank will have the same effect. A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but can't do so by itself, as running through a red light may help cause an accident, though other factors -- pedestrians or other cars in the intersection -- must also be present.
In establishing or denying a causal relation, it is usually necessary to show the process by which the supposed cause produces the effect. Such an explanation is called a causal process.
What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about _____.
People can lose their hearing at any age before they are born, as infants, during childhood, or as【C1】______. Each age of onset has a different name and the deafness may have different【C2】______.
Prenatal deafness means that a baby is born deaf. There are several reasons【C3】______ this can happen. If parents are deaf, they may have a deaf baby. There are genes【C4】______ deafness that hearing parents can also【C5】______ on to their child. Other prenatal【C6】______ of deafness can include: accidents; medicine or drugs that the mother takes; illnesses; and genetic syndromes.
Genetic syndromes are a group of characteristics that a child【C7】______ from its parents. There are two very common types of genetic syndromes related to deafness. One is Waardenburg's Syndrome. Its characteristics are very【C8】______. The
person may have pigment (色素)【C9】______: a streak (条纹) of white hair; two different color eyes; or streaks of white in a man's【C10】______. It is【C11】______ to have the physical traits of Waardenburg's Syndrome but not be deaf.
Usher's Syndrome is also fairly【C12】______. Children with Usher's Syndrome are born with a hearing loss and later lose their【C13】______. The first symptoms of this genetic syndrome【C14】______ at【C15】______ A person with Usher's Syndrome will【C16】______ problems seeing well in the dark. Later, they will lose their peripheral (外围的) vision and see only within a tunnel area in front of them. This is called "tunnel vision." Persons may eventually lose more and more of their vision and become blind or【C17】______ blind. If you notice that a(n)【C18】______ person does not see you when you stand at his or her【C19】______, that person may have this syndrome. The best way to communicate with a person who has Usher's Syndrome is to stand directly in front and to sign【C20】______.
【C1】
A．The Websters must give Mary back to her birth mother.B．The judge told the Websters t
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