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患者，男，39岁，既往有右上腹反复发作疼痛及黄疸病史。日前又出现上述症状。并伴寒战、高热。查体：体温39.6℃，血压83/60mmHg，全身黄染，右上腹及剑突下压痛。血白细胞26×109/L(26000/mm3)。 应首先考虑
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为了满足某市数字城市建设的需要，某市计划生产该地区的1:2000比例尺的数字正射影像图(DOM)和1:2000比例尺数字地形图。已于××××年××月完成了全部测区的航空摄影工作；并完成了区域网外业控制点的布设和测量工作，现阶段的工作是完成全部测区的解析空中三角测量(空三加密)的任务。 1．测区概况 测区为华北地区的一个地级市，总面积约3500km2。全测区包含平地和丘陵地两种地形，其中，绝大多数是平地，约占整个测区80%的面积，主要位于测区南部的大部分地区；测区内有少量丘陵地区，主要集中在测区的北部，其面积约占整个测区面积的20%；测区内海拔高度平地低点为24m，丘陵地最高海拔352m。 测区内建成区面积约为350km2，主要分布在平坦地区，建成区内以多层建筑楼房为主，房屋密集；其农村居民地以一二层建筑为主。 2．主要技术依据 (1)《1:500、1:1000、1:2000地形图航空摄影规范》(GB/T 6962—2005)； (2)《1:500、1:1000、1:2000地形图航空摄影测量外业规范》(GB/T 7931—2008)； (3)《1:500、1:1000、1:2000地形图航空摄影测量内业规范》(GB/T 7930—2008)； (4)《数字航空摄影测量空中三角测量规范》(GB/T 23236—2009)； (5)《数字测绘成果质量要求》(GB/T 17941—2008)； (6)《数字测绘成果质量检查与验收》(GB/T 18316—2008)； (7)平面系统采用1980西安坐标系； (8)高程系统采用1985国家高程基准。 3．航空摄影资料 航空摄影采用传统的航空摄影方式，航摄比例尺为1:8000，航摄仪型号为RC—30，像幅为18cm×18cm，航摄仪焦距为152mm，影像扫描分辨率为0.02mm，像片类型为真彩色。 航摄总面积为3500km2，测区共布设60条航线，每条航线84张航片，测区航片总数为5040张，航片的航向重叠65%，旁向重叠35%，东西向飞行。 航空摄影成果已通过质检部门的检查验收，其飞行质量和影像质量均满足规范和设计要求。 4．区域网外业像片控制点测量情况 整个测区的区域网外业控制点的布设和测量工作已全部完成，按平坦地区和丘陵地区两个布设方案实施，其基本情况如下： (1)平坦地区航线按每4条基线在其周边布设6个平高点； (2)丘陵地区航线按每4条基线在其周边布设8个平高点； (3)平坦地区和丘陵地区接边处的外业控制点已互相转刺，保证所有同名公共控制点均得到共用； (4)区域网外业像片控制点的精度和成果质量均符合规范和技术设计的要求，质检部门已同意将该成果移交给解析空中三角测量工序使用。 问题： 试述解析空中三角测量相对定向的精度指标。
Inspiration for Your Kids A parent, or anyone else who interacts regularly with kids, knows that communicating effectively with them can be difficult. If you want children to grow up into the best possible versions of themselves, it’s crucial to replace damaging words in your vocabulary with alternatives that help build character. Some of the things parents say to kids seem harmless or even constructive on the surface, but, experts say, they may hurt more than help. Here are some aspects under our consideration.1. When the kid deserves praise For years, we’ve been told that boosting a child’s self-esteem is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can backfire (事与愿违). Praise-aholic tykes who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek the same kind of approval from their friends when offered a joint or asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car. The implication of saying "You’re the prettiest girl in class," or talking about the goals she scored but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, scores the highest, achieves the most. And this carries over to the classroom. Social psychologist Carol Dweck, PhD, tested the effects of overpraise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She found that kids praised for "trying hard" did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those lauded for being "smart" "Praising attributes or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that trait, and it devalues effort, so children are afraid to take on challenges," says Dweck, now at Stanford University. "They figure they’d better quit while they’re ahead."2. When the kid asks more to take back home Does your child really need one more video game or doll Of course not. But by repeatedly saying money is the only reason he or she can’t have something, the parent may be sending the message that money is the source of all things good in life. Couple that with the marketing blitz everywhere they turn, and children will never get the meaning of excess or gratitude. "You want your children to have the sense of abundance until the age of five—not in a material way, but in the sense that what you do have brings joy," says Marcy Axness, PhD, a child development specialist and founder of quantumparenting. com. Finances are one of the few topics parents shouldn’t feel a duty to discuss or explain, especially with younger kids, Axness says. "If every request is met with a legal brief as to why they can’t have it or go there, you will end up with a child who is going to negotiate with you." Don’t be afraid to say to your little one, confidently and cheerfully, "No, sorry. Case closed." If it’s your older, money-wise child who’s asking Sit down with tier and Work out together how she can make the purchase happen—as a reward for improved grades, say, or by buying it with an allowance for doing extra chores. The process of talking it through matters more than how much each contributes.3. When the kid is upset When a child comes home upset about being teased by classmates or not winning a medal at the swim meet, it’s only natural for parents to overlook his disappointment and offer consolation (安慰). Adults know that such setbacks are minor. "But kids need to learn how to express feelings, work through them and move on, as opposed to trying to make them go away without expression," says Panaccione, an expert on children development. If children feel that they shouldn’t have feelings or that their feelings are bad, they’ll start to lock them inside and fail to adopt healthy coping strategies, she says. On the other hand, kids shouldn’t wallow in bad feelings. A question like "Why do you think this happened" or "Do you have any ideas about what you can do to make it better" may give them encouragement they need to deal with situations on their own. Says Mel Levine, MD, a professor of pediatrics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: "A parent gives more comfort by listening than by talking. If you simply resonate with your child’s mood, then you’ll have a child who’s always willing to come to you and bare her soul."4. When the kid talks to strangers Kids today need to, and do, talk to strangers all the time—at the store checkout, on the bus, in the doctor’s office. This antiquated catchphrase is no substitute for a serious one-on-one about the real risks. First, parents need a reality check: Despite the sensational stones, eases of children snatched off the sidewalk by total strangers and never seen again are extremely rare. Just 1 percent or fewer of all abductions happen that way. Meanwhile, children are frequently victimized by people they know well, including authority figures. That’s why it makes more sense to tell kids to be watchful of anyone, stranger or acquaintance, who makes them feel at all uncomfortable. Parents of kids who spend time on the Internet should warn them against giving information that would identify their whereabouts, such as their last name, address or school name, advises James Beasley, an expert on child predators for the FBI. And kids should always tell their parents about new online buddies, especially those who ask if the child is willing to keep a secret.5. When the kid doesn’t want to share You’d never hand the keys to your sports car to the guy next door. But that’s what you’re asking your children to do when you tell them to share a toy. "Young kids don’t distinguish clearly between themselves and the objects they own, like their teddy bear or favorite toy train," says psychologist David Elkind, PhD, a professor at Tufts University and the author of The Hurried Child. "So in effect you’re asking them to give away part of themselves." In extreme cases, if a child is forced to give up prized possessions over and over, the separation becomes so painful that he may avoid forming attachments to people, Elkind says. Kids don’t really begin to grasp the concept of sharing until age eight or so. Before then, it’s still important to begin conveying nuggets (至理名言) of selflessness. One solution is to put your child’s name on the toy before you take it out of his hands, so he knows you’re not forcing him to give up ownership. Just listening to the kids when they are upset is more effective than encouraging them to deal With the situation.
Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
对胆囊结石的手术治疗表述正确的是
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