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Personal space, an updated form of Edward T. Hall’s 1966 proxemics, is the region surrounding each person, or that area which a person considers his domain or territory. Often if entered by another being without this being desired, it makes them feel uncomfortable. The amount of space a being (person, plant, animal) needs falls into two categories, individuate individual physical space (determined by imagined boundaries), and the space au individual considers theirs to live in (often called habitat). What distance is appropriate for a particular social situation depends on culture. It is also a matter of personal preference. Personal space is highly variable. Those who live in a densely populated environment tend to have smaller personal space requirements. Thus a resident of India may have a smaller personal space than someone who is home on the Mongolian steppe, both in regard to home and individual. Personal space can be determined on a habitat level by profession, livelihood, and occupation. It can also be heavily affected by a person’s position in society, with the more affluent a person being the larger personal space they demand. While it is highly variable and difficult to measure accurately the best estimates for personal physical space place it at about 24.5 inches (60 centimeters) on either side, 27.5 inches (70 centimeters) in front and 15.75 inches (40 centimeters) behind for an average westerner. In certain circumstances people can accept having their personal space violated. For instance in romantic encounters the stress from allowing closer personal space distances can be reinterpreted into emotional fervor. Another method of dealing with violated personal space, according to psychologist Robert Sommer, is dehumanization. He argues that, for instance on the subway, crowded people imagine those infiltrating their personal space as inanimate. Changing perceptions about personal space and the fluctuating boundaries of public and private in European culture since the Roman Empire have been explored in "A History of Private Life", under the general editorship of Philippe Aries and Georges Duby, published in English by the Belknap Press. "A History of Private Life" is______.

A. a film
B. a novel
C. a tragedy
D. au academic book

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Predictions of many robots in industry have yet come true. For ten years or more, manufacturers of big robots have explained how their machines can make industry more competitive and productive. The maker for (21) robots is oversupplied now, and the driving force of the robotics(机器人学) revolution is (22) to be with makers of machines that handle a few kilos at most."Heavy-robot manufacturers are in some difficulty (23) finding customer. They are offering big (24) just to get in the door. There has been a (23) growth everywhere in the numbers of robots, so we admit we are either deceiving (26) or that the market is slowly growing. "said John Reekie, chairman of Colen Robotics. "The following things must happen (27) the robotics revolution to occur. We must achieve widespread robot literacy, (28) there has been a computer (29) program, there must be a robot prices. (30) , some kind of artificial intelligence needs to be (31) ."Colen makes educational robots and machine tools. It is small (32) with companies like ASEA or Fujitsu Fanuc. But Colen with others and departments in universities such as Surrey, Manchester, and Durham possess an advantage (33) . the giants. The big companies sell very expensive (34) to businesses with expert knowledge in automation. The (35) companies make robots for teaching people, and now they have realized that there is a need for small, (36) robots that they can meet.The little companies either bring their educational machines (37) an industrial standard or design from the start. One technique that they all adopt is to choose (38) components where possible. The major cost of making (39) their models is the electronics, which will fall in price. There is (40) scope for reductions in mechanical costs. The sue of standard parts, which are easily replaced, should give these robots a mechanical life of something in the order of five years. 29().

A. custom
B. literacy
C. poem
D. tradition

体温持续在38.5℃,皮肤发红并有灼热感,呼吸变得深快,开始出汗,属于( )

A. 发热期
B. 体温上升期
C. 高热持续期
D. 体温下降期
E. 以上都不是

Aesthetic thought of a distinctively modem bent emerged during the 18th century. The western philosophers of this time devoted much attention to such matters (31) natural beauty and representation. (32) that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever more (33) and has begun to (34) the philosophy of nature. Various issues (35) to the philosophy of art have had a (36) impact (37) the orientation of 20th century aesthetics. (38) among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and (39) the distinction between representation end expression. Still another question has to do with the value of art. Two opposing theoretical positions (40) on this issue: one holds that art and its appreciation are a means to some recognized moral good, (41) the other maintains that art is intrinsically valuable end is an end in itself. Underlying this whole issue is the concept of taste. In recent years there has also been an increasing (42) with art as the prime object of critical judgment. Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought, (43) have followed (44) of two approaches. In one, criticism is restricted to the analysis end interpretation of the work of art. (45) , it is devoted to articulating the response to the aesthetic object and to (46) a particular way of perceiving it. Over the years, aesthetics has developed into a broad field of knowledge end inquiry. The concerns of contemporary aesthetics include such (47) problems as the nature of style and its aesthetic significance; the relation of aesthetic judgment to culture; the (48) of a history of art; the (49) of Freudian psychology and other forms of psychological study to criticism; and the place of aesthetic judgment in practical (50) in the conduct of everyday affairs.

A. central
B. concentrating
C. focusing
D. centering

鼻咽癌较易转移到( )

A. 左锁骨上窝淋巴结
B. 右锁骨上窝淋巴结
C. 颈部淋巴结
D. 腋下淋巴结
E. 以上都不是

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