For the first time in decades, doctors have begun making major changes in the treatment of lung cancer, based on research proving that chemotherapy can significantly lengthen life for many patients for whom it was previously thought to be useless.The shift in care applies to about 50,000 people a year in the United States who have early cases of the most common form of the disease, non-small-cell lung cancer, and whose tumors are removed by surgery. (46) Many of these patients, who just a few years ago would have been treated with surgery alone, are now being given chemotherapy as well, just as it is routinely given after surgery for breast or colon (结肠)cancer. The new approach has brightened a picture that was often bleak."The benefit is at least as good, and maybe better than in the other cancers," said Dr. John Minna, a lung cancer expert and research director at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. He said new discoveries were helping to eliminate doctors’ "nihilistic" attitudes about chemotherapy for lung cancer."The standard of care has changed," said Dr. Christopher G. Azzoli, a lung cancer specialist at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York.(47) A major impetus for the change came a year ago, when two studies presented at a cancer conference showed marked increases in survival in patients who received adjuvant (辅助的)chemotherapy, meaning the drugs were given after surgery. In one study of 482 patients in Canada and the United States, led by Dr. Timothy Winton, a surgeon from the University of Alberta, 69 percent of patients who had surgery and chemotherapy were still alive five years later, as compared with 54 percent who had just surgery. The patients were given a combination of two drugs, cisplatin and vinorelbine, once a week for 16 weeks.In the world of lung cancer research, a survival difference of 15 percentage points is enormous. (48) Overall, the patients given chemotherapy lived 94 months, versus 73 months in those who had only surgery--also a huge difference in a field in which a treatment is hailed as a success if it gives patients even three or four extra months.A second study, also announced at the conference last year, had similar findings, and so did a third, presented just a month ago at the annual meeting of the same cancer group, the American Society of Clinical Oncology,At major medical centers, doctors quickly began to put the results into practice.(49) "The findings were so stunning from these studies a year ago that they began to change the standard of care," said Dr. Pasi Janne, a lung cancer specialist at the-Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. "Over the last year, the number of patients we’ve had referred here for adjuvant chemotherapy has gone up steadily."(50) But some doctors hesitated to make changes, Dr. Winton said, wanting first to see the studies published in a medical journal, which would mean the data had stood up to the scrutiny(仔细的检查) of editors and expert reviewers.Now, his study has become the first of the three to pass that test. It is being published today in The New England Journal of Medicine, along with an editorial by Dr. Katherine M. S. Pisters, a lung cancer specialist at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. "The findings were so stunning from these studies a year ago that they began to change the standard of care," said Dr. Pasi Janne, a lung cancer specialist at the-Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. "
甲系社会闲散人员。某日,甲以取东西为由,骗取女友(大学学生,当时在外地)同宿舍的同学乙的信任,跟随乙进入其宿舍。在未得到女友允许的情况下,将女友的笔记本电脑包拿走。包内有联宝牌笔记本电脑一台(价值人民币8 500元),人民币1 000元及化妆品等物。后甲携电脑离开学校,并与女友断绝联系。下列哪个说法正确( )
A. 甲的行为构成诈骗罪
B. 甲的行为构成盗窃罪
C. 甲的行为构成侵占罪
D. 甲的行为构成招摇撞骗罪
Attire, body language and manners count during interviews. After all, interviewers are regular people like the rest of us, easily impressed by good behavior and just as easily offended by inappropriate behavior. Yet, surveys show that job candidates’ interview manners and other professionalisms are on the decline.On the next pages are tips for acting professionally before, during and after interviews, to avoid offending interviewers and increase your chances of landing a job. (For more interview tips and other job-searching help, click on the links in the sidebar, under Related Resources. ) These interview tips are based on good manners in the United States. Good manners are appreciated everywhere, but what constitutes then, may differ among other countries.41. Do your homework:Research the company and study the job description before you interview, as your inter viewer will likely ask what you know about the company and why you want the job. ( )42. Get your personal papers ready:Collect and neatly arrange your important papers and work samples in a nice briefcase or portfolio. ( )Dress appropriately:Practice good hygiene, comb or brush your hair, and dress appropriately. Even if you know that the company dress is business-casual, dress up anyway. It shows professionalism and respect, and most importantly, that you know how to dress for interviews.43. Be punctual:Unless otherwise instructed (e. g. , to fill out a job application), arrive five to ten minutes early for the interview; ( )Sit with good pasture:If you don’t know what to do with your hands, keep them folded in your lap. This is another indication of good manners. Avoid crossing your arms over your chesty as it subliminally demonstrates a closed mind to some.44. Read the mood:( )45. Maintain eye contact:Maintain eye contact with the interviewer. ( )It’s okay to ask questions to better answer the questions the interviewer asks you. But withhold the bulk of your questions until the interviewer asks if you have any, which is typically toward the end of the interview. Avoid asking the frivolous just because interviewers expect you to have questions. Instead, ask about important matters, such as job duties, management style and the financial health of the company. It’s not a good idea to ask questions about vacation, sick days, lunch breaks and so on, right off the bat. Ask about the lesser matters of importance during follow-up interviews.Typically, you’ll negotiate salary, benefits, perks and such in a follow-up interview. Regardless, don’t bring it up until asked, yet be ready to discuss it at anytime.A. This makes you look organized and professional. Remember to pack relevant documents such as extra resumes and reference lists, immigrant work-authorization papers, letters of recommendation, and information required on job applications. Bring at least one pen and pencil, and a notepad too.B. If the interviewer is formal, then you probably should be, too. If the interviewer is casual, then follow along while remaining courteous and professional. In either case, try to appear to be relaxed, but not too relaxed. It’s not a good idea to put your feet up on the interviewer’s desk!C. Avoid staring or you might make the interviewer uncomfortable, but don’t look away too often either. To some, failure to maintain a comfortable level of eye contact indicates that you are lying, reaching for answers or lacking confidence.D. It also helps you to formulate questions about the company and job. Interviewers typically expect you to ask such questions.E. If it’s possible without making a commotion, scoot your chair a little closer to the interviewer’s desk or take the chair closet to the desk, like you’re ready to dive right in. This shows interest and confidence. But don’t invade the interviewer’s personal space, a perimeter of about two feet by U. 8. standards.F. This shows that you are eager and punctual. If you’re not at least five minutes early for an interview, you’re five minutes late! But don’t arrive more than ten minutes early, aa it might be inconvenient for your interviewers. Definitely don’t be late! 43
停止接触噪声16小时后进行测定发现语频听力下降>25dB的称()。
A. 听觉适应
B. 听觉疲劳
C. 暂时性听阈位移
D. 永久性听阈位移
E. 噪声聋