承运人A公司以其船舶“阿奇兹”号运载托运人B公司的一批橘子到伦敦。该轮代理对托运人口头保证:该轮在西班牙港口瓦伦西亚装上该批橘子后,将直接驶往伦敦并卸货。但后来,“阿奇兹”号并未直驶伦敦,而是先驶向比利时的安特卫普。结果当托运人的橘子到达伦敦时,橘子的进口关税提高了,且由于其他橘子的大量到货,使橘子的价格下降。托运人认为如果货物是依口头约定直驶伦敦的,关税的提高和橘子价格的下跌都应在该轮到达之后发生。托运人向法院起诉,要求承运人赔偿其遭受的损失。承运人则辩称:提单中载明有规定承运人可以任意地经过任何航线将货物直接或者间接地运往目的地的条款,因此不应因为绕道安特卫普引起的损失承担赔偿责任。下列关于本案的说法中正确的是:
A. 承运人与托运人之间的权利义务应依据提单的规定,因此承运人不应赔偿托运人的损失
B. 提单只是运输合同的证明,承运人未按运输合同履行义务,应赔偿托运人的损失
C. 托运人与承运人之间的口头约定不能改变提单的内容
D. 关税的提高属于不可抗力,承运人对因此而发生的损失不应承担赔偿责任
Linguists have found that sign languages and spoken languages share many features. Like spoken languages, which use units of sounds to produce words, sign languages use units of form. These units are composed of four basic hand forms: hand shape, such as an open hand or closed fist; hand location, such as on the middle of the forehead or in front of the chest; hand movement, such as upward or downward; and hand orientation, such as the palm facing up or out. In spoken languages units of sound combine to make meaning. Separately, b, e, and t have no meaning. However, together they form the word bet. Sign languages contain units of form that by themselves hold no meaning, but when combined create a word. Spoken languages and sign languages differ in the way these units combine to make words, however. In spoken languages units of sound and meaning are combined sequentially. In sign languages, units of form and meaning are typically combined simultaneously. In American Sign Language (ASL) signs follow a certain order, just as words do in spoken English. However, in ASL one sign can express meaning that would necessitate the use of several words in speech. For example, the words in the statement "I stared at it for a long time" each contain a unit of meaning. In ASL, this same sentence would be expressed as a single sign. The signer forms "look at" by making a V under the eyes with the first and middle fingers of the right hand. The hand moves out toward the object being looked at, repeatedly tracing an oval to indicate "over a long time". To express the adverb "intently" the signer squints the eyes and purses the lips. (To purse the lips is like saying mmmm: pull back and tighten the lips with the lips closed.) Although the English words used to describe the ASL signs are written out in order, in sign language a person forms the signs "look at", "long time", and "intently" at the same time. ASL has a rich system for modifying the meaning of signs. Verbs such as "look at" can be changed to indicate that the activity takes place without interruption, repeatedly, or over a long time. The adjective "sick", for example, is formed by placing the right middle finger on the forehead and the left middle finger on the stomach. By forming the sign "sick" and repeatedly moving the left hand in a circle, the signer can indicate that someone is characteristically or always sick. Facial grammar, such as raised eyebrows, also can modify meaning. For example, a signer can make the statement "lie is smart" by forming the ASL sign for "smart" --placing the middle finger at the forehead -- and then quickly pointing it outward as if toward another person to indicate "he". To pose the question "Is he smart" the signer accompanies this sign with raised eyebrows and a slightly tilted head. People who sign sometimes use finger spelling to represent letters of the alphabet. In some sign languages, including ASL, finger spelling serves as a way to borrow words from spoken language. A deaf person might, for example, choose to fingerspell "d-o-g" for "dog" instead of using a sign. Several types of finger spelling systems exist. Linguists still have much to learn about the world’s sign languages. What has become clear is that hundreds, if not thousands, of sign languages exist around the world. According to the passage, what is the role of finger spelling in sign language
A. It is to represent letters of the alphabet.
B. Finger spelling serves as a way to differ from spoken language.
C. Finger spelling means you can spell the word by fingers.
D. It is a convenient way to communicate with the other peopl
Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview with a chief-editor. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the interview. Paul Ray said they discovered that a clear cultural change was happening in many areas except ______.
A. people’s lives
B. environmental issues
C. consumption patterns
D. media advertisements