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There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modem market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.An alternative for the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person"s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste (阶级) may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result. The author wrote this passage in order to （）.
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There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modem market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.An alternative for the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person"s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste (阶级) may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result. According to the second paragraph, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange may lead to （）.
Cats are often considered to be more aloof than dogs, but cats really can understand their owners" voices, a study has claimed. Japanese researchers have found that cats can distinguish their owners" voices from those of other people—implying that they do pay attention when spoken to. The study, from the University of Tokyo, examined felines in their home environment. It involved recordings of strangers, as well as of the cats" owners, but that cats could not see who was speaking to them. The researchers found that cats responded to voices by moving their heads and/or ears nearer the person who was speaking to them. Or, when the eats detected a familiar voice, they also had dilated pupils, which can signal emotions such as excitement, Discovery News reported. These reactions were more likely to occur when the cats heard their owners, voices or when they became increasingly familiar with strangers" voices.Study coauthor Atsuko Saito explained that dogs have evolved, and are bred "to follow their owners" orders" but eats have not been. So sometimes cats appear aloof, but they have special relationships with their owners. She added that eats have evolved not to show their emotions in order to survive. One example is illness, which they tend to hide because "in the wild, no one can rescue them and predators pay attention to such weak individual," she said.The researchers added that after 10,000 years of living with humans, domestic eats have the ability to communicate with us, and, generally speaking, we seem to understand them. The study, which will be published in the July issue of Animal Cognition, comes just weeks after an expert in animal behavior claimed we will one day be able to talk to animals using mobile phone-sized gadgets. Professor Con Slobodchikoff, of Northern Arizona University, is developing technology that interprets the calls of the prairie dog and says the technology could eventually be used to interpret other animals. He also believes the technology could one day be fine-tuned to enable humans to talk back to animals and engage in conversation. What would be the best title for the passage（）
In 1933, an unknown American called Clarence Nash went to see the filmmaker Walter Disney. He had 1 unusual voice and he wanted to work in Disney"s cartoon film for children. 2 Walter Disney heard Nash"s voice, he said, "Stop! That"s our duck!"The duck was now the famous Donald Duck, 3 first appeared in 1934 in the film, The Wise Little Hen. Donald lived in an old houseboat and 4 his sailor jacket and hat. Later that year he became a star 5 an eight-minute Mickey Mouse film. The cinema audiences liked him 6 he was lazy and greedy, and because he lost his temper very easily. And they loved his voice when he became angry with Mickey"s eight nephews. Soon Donald was more popular than Mickey Mouse himself, probably because he wasn"t a goody-goody like Mickey.In the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, Donald and his friends Mickey, Goofy and Pluto made hundreds of Disney cartoons. He 7 made educational film about the places of the USA in the world, and safety in the home for kids. Then in 1966 Donald Duck and his voice disappeared— 8 were no more new cartoons.Clarence Nash died in February, 1985. 9 today"s children can still see the old cartoons on TV and 10 that famous voice. （5）处填入（）
If you think about World Heritage Sites, you probably think of places associated with ancient art and culture, historical buildings and monuments. And of course, many of these are on the World Heritage List (WHL). But the WHL contains a lot of sites that are not so obvious. Let"s look at a few of them.Citadel of HaitiThese monuments were built at the end of the nineteenth century when Haiti became independent and thousands of black slaves in Haiti were free for the first time. These ex-slaves built the monuments, which the WHL describes as "a universal symbol of liberty".Robben Island in South AfricaThis island was used through the centuries as a prison, a hospital and a military base. But it"s probably most famous as a maximum-security prison for political prisoners in the twentieth century. Nelson Mandela was one of its most famous residents. The WHL says it represents "the triumph of democracy and freedom over oppression and racism".The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway in IndiaThis railway was opened in 1881 and is still operating today. It crosses a difficult area of mountain landscape and it is a great example of railway engineering. The WHL says that it is "the first, and still the most outstanding, example of a hill passenger railway".Borders of France and SpainThis is an area of great natural beauty and the mountains have many interesting geological formations. But it is also an area of small farms. People there still use a type of agriculture that used to be common in mountainous areas of Europe but has almost completely disappeared in modern times.The city of Brasilia, BrazilBrasilia is a capital city that was created from nothing in 1956. The WHL calls it "a landmark in the history of town planning". The different areas of the city and the buildings themselves were all designed at the same time carefully. Every part of the city shows the ideas of the planner and architect.World Heritage1 Special featuresReasons for being chosenOn which continentCitadel of HaitiEx-slaves built them2 3 Robben Island in SouthAfrica4 5 AfricaMandela was once aprisoner thereFreedom over oppressionand racismThe DarjeelingHimalayan Railway in In-diaThe first mountain rail-way for hill passengers6 AsiaBorders of France andSpain7 A type of agriculturewhich disappeared8 Interestinggeological formationsSmall farmsThe city of Brasilia, Brazil9 10 South AmericaCarefully designed （1）处填入（）
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