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Question 26 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.
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Both bus and tree topologies are characterized by the use of multipoint （1）. For the bus, all stations attach, through appropriate hardware （2）known as a tap, directly to alinear transmission medium, or bus. Full-duplex operation between the station and the tap allowsdata to be transmitted onto the bus and received from the （3）. A transmission from anystation propagates the length of the medium in both directions and can be received by all other（4）. At each end of the bus is a （5）, which absorbs any signal, removing it from thebus. （5）是（）
One of the main responsibilities of ICMP is to report ______. Although technology has produced increasingly reliable transmission media, errors still exist and must be handled. IP is an ______ protocol. This means that error checking and error control are not a concem ofIP JCMP wasdesigned, in part, to compensate for this shortcoming. Howerver, ICMP does not ______ errors, itsimply reports them. Error correction is left to the higher-level protocols. Error messages arealways sent to the original ______ because the only information available in the datagram aboutthe route is the source and destination 1P addresses. ICMP uses the source IP address to send theerror massage to the source of the ______.
The presentation layer is concerned with the（1） and semantics of the information exchanged between two systems. The processes in two systems are usually exchanginginformation in the form of character（2）numbers, and so on. The information should bechanged to bit （3） before being transmitted. Because different encoding systems, thepresentation layer is responsible for （4）between these different encoding methods. Thepresentation layer at the sender changes the information from its sender-dependent format into acommon format. The presentation layer at the receiving machine changes the common format intoits （5） dependent format. （5）是（）
An internet is a combination of networks connected by （1）. When a datagram goes from a source to a （2）, it will probably pass many （3） until it reaches the routerattached to the destination network. A router receives a （4）from a network and passes it toanother network. A router is usually attached to several networks. When it receives a packet, towhich network should it pass the packet The decision is based on optimization: Which of theavailable（5） is the optimum pathway （5）是（）
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