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Are smart people just naturally attracted to study art or perform music, dance, or drama Or does early education in the art actually cause changes in the brain that develop important components of cognition Recent findings show that there may be some significant causal relationships between arts training and the brain"s ability to learn. The Dana Foundation, an organization with interest in neuroscience, immunology, and arts education, just released a three-year study that found that early training in the arts is possibly good for your brain. Neuroscientists and psychologists at several universities have now enhanced understanding of just how the arts might improve thinking, memory, and language skills. Music education is linked with the ability to control both short-term and long-term memory, geometric representation, and development of reading skills. Dance training improves thinking though mimicry and acting classes seem to expand language. Visual arts lessons outside the classroom in childhood are linked to improved math calculations. In retrospect, I wish I had more art lessons before I took on that advanced math class in high school. It"s not a new idea that the arts can make us smarter. The notion caught fire in the 1990s when researchers showed that college students did better on certain math tests" after listening to a little bit of Mozart. And while the current report from the Dana Foundation did not provide definite theories as to how arts make us smart, what it does is to end the popular notion that people are either right-or left-brain learners. Apparently artists are not that fundamentally different and perhaps there is even an underlying connection between the cognitive processes that give rise to both arts to both arts and sciences. Form music education to dance training to visual arts lessons, the researchers found the______.
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Children are spending an increasing amount of time using computers. Computers are now found in most classrooms, and in the majority of homes, almost always with internet access. However, many studies of children"s use of computers show that there are possible negative effects. This essay will explain the possible negative effects of computer use on children, focusing on the effects on family and peer relationships and the increased tendency towards violent behavior. Computer use may negatively affect social relationship between children and their parents. Because children spend so much time on computers, they often know more about advanced computer use than their parents. According to Subrahmanvam and his colleagues(2001)this often leads to a role reversal, where the child becomes a teacher to the parent. In other words, it is often the case a highly computer technology. This can lead to a reduction in parental authority. Moreover, with the anonymity of online communication, computer users do not know if they are talking to a child or an adult, so all users are treated equally(Subrahmanyam et al, 2001). Children may then expect the same equality in real life, further contributing to a breakdown in the parent-children relationship(Subrahmanyam et al, 2001). Children"s peer relationships can also be negatively affected by extensive computer use. Since computers are more likely to be used in isolation by children, they spend little time integrating with their peers(Shields & Behrman, 2001). As a result, children may not develop the social skills they need, or be able to maintain friendships in the real world(Subrahmanyam et al, 2001). With the very extended computer use, this isolation from the real world can lead to loneliness and even depression(Shields & Behrman, 2001). A disturbing possible effect of computer use on children is the link between computer games and violence. Current research has already documented a strong link between violent films and television and aggressive behavior in children, so it is reasonable to believe that a similar link will be found between violent behavior in children and violence in computer games(Subrahmanyam et al, 2001). However, as Shields Behrman(2001)points out, it is important to note that although the games may affect all children, children who prefer violent games could be most affected. In conclusion, using a computer. particularly for extended periods, may affect the parent-children relationship in families. It could also result in children not learning the social skills they need to interact with peers and maintain friendships. Moreover, it seems likely that playing violent computer games is linked to violence in children. Although the research is not conclusive, it appears that extended use of computers could have a negative effect on children"s social development. Where might the passage be taken from
Whenever people go and live in another country they have new experiences and new feelings. They experience culture shock. Many people have a(n) 【C1】______about culture shock they think that it"s just a feeling of sadness and homesickness when a person is in a new country. But this isn"t really true. Culture shock is a completely natural【C2】______. and everybody goes【C3】______it in a new culture. There are four stages, or steps, in culture shock. When people first arrive in a new country they"re usually excited and【C4】______Everything is interesting. They notice that a lot of things are【C5】______their own culture and this surprises them and makes them happy. This is Stage One In Stage Two people notice how different the new culture is from their own culture. They become confused It seems difficult to do even very simple things. They feel【C6】______They spend a lot of time【C7】______or with other people from their own country. They think "My problems are all because I"m living in this country" Then in Stage Three they begin to understand the new culture better They begin to like some new customs. They【C8】______some people in the new country. They"re【C9】______comfortable and relaxed. In Stage Four they feel very comfortable. They have good friends in the new culture. They understand the new customs. Some customs are similar to their culture and some are different but that"s OK. They can【C10】______it. 【C10】
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It seems intuitive that going to a specialist physician will result in more thorough and up-to-date care for whatever ails you. In fact many studies support this idea — but health-care researchers caution that they may not tell the whole story. The first question is whose patients are sicker Specialists tend to treat more complicated forms of disease but generalists — family physicians and general practitioners — are more likely to treat patients with several coexisting diseases. A second question is what counts as the most valuable treatment Specialists are more familiar with standards of care for the diseases they treat regularly, says Harlan M. Krumholz of Yale University. On the other hand, a generalist may do a better job of coordinating a patient"s care and keeping an eye on a person"s overall health, says Martin T. Domohoe of the Oregon Health Sciences University in Portland. To further complicate comparisons many generalists will consult with specialists on complicated cases but medical records do not always show that, says Carolyn Clancy of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research in Rockville, Md. That said stroke patients treated by neurologists are more likely to survive than stroke patients treated by generalists. Among about 38,000 stroke sufferers nationwide, 16.1% of those treated by a neurologists died within 3 months compared with 25.3 percent of those treated by family physicians. Several studies have shown that people with heart disease fare better when they are treated by cardiologists, says S. Nash of the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York. But it"s hard to figure out exactly why. "Physician specialty, in addition to being a measure of formal training in the field, is also a proxy for clinical experience." he says, "It"s very difficult to separate out the overlapping concepts. One, that practice makes perfect; two, the effect of the educational and time investments in a clinical problem the physician is simply interested in; and three, the issue of formal training." Differences between specialist care and generalist care, however. Pale in comparison with the finding that both specialists and generalists often fail to put the latest knowledge into practice, contend both Donohoe and Clancy. A report by the US General Accounting Office documented that heart attack survivors who saw cardiologists regularly were more likely to take cholesterol-lowering drugs and beta blockers which reduce heart rate and blood pressure than those who received care from a generalist. Even so, these life-prolonging drugs were not prescribed to many patients who appeared to be eligible for them, implying that both generalists and specialists could do better. "Maybe we are focusing too much energy on the differences between generalist and specialist care," says Donohoe. Perhaps, he adds, "We should focus more intently on improving the quality of communication between generalists and specialists and on developing and promoting practice guidelines that might have a much bigger effect on the overall health of Americans." Donohoe is trying to shift our attention to______.
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