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外墙棚顶棚的抹灰层与基层之间及各抹灰层之间应当黏结牢固。( )
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金属吊杆、龙骨应经过表面防腐、防火处理。( )
What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America-breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological. Why mention the elementary schools Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, specially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry. Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, "With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman." A further stimulus to invention came from the "premium" system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives. In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance. Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process... The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist." This nonverbal "spatial" thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. , like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea." When all these shaping forces — schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking- interacted with one another on the rich U. S. mainland, they produced that American characteristic, emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence. According to the passage, the premium system ______.
In the United States the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the (31) half of the 19th century; most of (32) were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S. , the day-nursery movement received great (33) during the First World War, when (34) of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established even in munitions plants, under direct government (35) . Although the number of nurseries in the U. S. also rose (36) , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, (37) , Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to (38) a measure of control in the day nurseries, chiefly by (39) them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries. The (40) of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were again (41) to replace men in the factories. On this (42) the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, (43) $ 6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery-school program for the children of working mothers. Many states and local communities (44) this Federal aid. By the end of the War, in August, 1945, more than 100, 000 children were being cared (45) in daycare centers receiving Federal (46) . Soon afterward, the Federal government drastically (47) its expenditures for this purpose and later (48) them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation (49) most employed mothers would leave their jobs at the end of the War was only partly (50) .
饰面砖粘贴时，基层表面若有管线、灯具及卫生设备等突出物，周围的砖应用整砖套割吻合，不得用非整砖拼凑镶贴。( )
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