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There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the "labor-market premium to skill"--or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduates earned--decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复性地) since the 1980s. In 2005, the typical full-time year-round U.S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $ 50,900,62% more than the $ 31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma.There’s no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board $ 49,260 in 2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($ 35,542) Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there Not likely.No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product--like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car In keeping with the automotive world’s hottest consumer trend, maybe it’s best to characterize it as a hybrid (混合动力汽车): an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends. What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today（）
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The chief reason for the population growth is __________ (与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是死亡率的下降).
超声诊断仪观测病变的基本内容中，哪项是错误的
How to Get Lucky and Live a Charmed LifeFor centuries, people have recognized the power of luck and have done whatever they could to try seizing it. Take knocking on wood, thought to date back to pagan rituals aimed at eliciting help from powerful tree gods. We still do it today, though few, if any, of us worship tree gods. So why do we pass this and other superstitions down from generation to generation The answer lies in the power of hick.Live a Charmed lifeTo investigate scientifically why some people are consistently lucky and others aren’t, I advertised in national periodicals for volunteers of both varieties. Four hundred men and woman from all walks of life--ages 18 to 84—responded.Over a ten-year period, I interviewed these volunteers, asked them to complete diaries, personality questionnaires and IQ tests, and invited them to my laboratory for experiments. Lucky people, I found, get that way via some basic principles-- seizing chance opportunities; creating self-fulfilling prophecies through positive expectations; and adopting a resilient attitude that turns had luck around.Open Your MindConsider chance opportunities: Lucky people regularly have them; unlucky people don’t. To determine why, I gave lucky and unlucky people a newspaper, and asked them to tell me how many photos were inside. On average, unlucky people spent about two minutes un this exercise; lucky people spent seconds. Why Because on the paper’s second page--in big type--was the message "Stop counting: There are 43 photographs in this newspaper." Lucky people tended to spot the message. Unlucky ones didn’t. I put a second one halfway through the paper: "Stop counting, tell the experimenter you have seen this and win＄250." Again, the unlucky people missed it.The lesson: Unlucky people miss chance opportunities because they’re too busy looking for something else. Lucky people see what is there rather than just what they’re looking for.This is only part of the story. Many of my lanky participants tried hard to add variety to their lives. Before making important decisions, one altered his route to work. Another described a way of meeting people. He noticed that at parties he usually talked to the same type of person. To change this, he thought of a color and then spoke only to guests wearing that color--women in red, say, or men in black.Does this technique work Well, imagine living in the canter of an apple orchard. Each day you must collect a basket of apples. At first, it won’t matter where you look. The entire orchard will have apples. Gradually, it becomes harder to find apples in places you’ve visited before. If you go to new parts of the orchard each time, the odds of finding apples will increase dramatically. It is exactly the same with luck.Relish the UpsideAnother important principle revolved around the way in which lucky and unlucky people deal with misfortune. Imagine representing your country in the Olympics. You compete, do well, and win a bronze medal. Now imagine a second Olympics. This time you do even better and win a silver medal. How happy do you think you’d feel Most of us think we’d be happier after winning the silver medal.But research suggests athletes who win bronze medals are actually happier. This is because silver medalists think that if they’d performed slightly better, they might have won a gold medal. In contrast, bronze medalists focus on how if they’d performed slightly worse, they wouldn’t have won anything. Psychologists call this ability to imagine what might have happened, rather than what actually happened, "counter-factual" thinking.To find out if lucky people use counter-factual thinking to ease the impact of misfortune, I asked my subjects to imagine being in a bank. Suddenly, an armed robber enters and fires a shot that hits them in the arms. Unlucky people tended to say this would be their bad luck to be in the bank during the robbery. Lucky people said it could have been worse: "You could have been shot in the head." This kind of thinking makes people feel better about themselves, keeps expectations high, and increases the likelihood of continuing to live a lucky life.Learn to Be LuckyFinally, I created a series of experiments examining whether thought and behavior can enhance good fortune.First come one-on-one meetings, during which participants completed questionnaires that measured their luck and their satisfaction with six key areas of their lives. I then outlined the main principles of luck, and described techniques designed to help participants react like lucky people. For instance, they were taught how to be more open to opportunities around them, how to break routines, and how to deal with bad luck by imagining things being worse. They were asked to carry out specific exercises for a month and then report back to me.The results were dramatic: 80 percent were happier and more satisfied with their lives--and luckier. One unlucky subject said that after adjusting her attitude--expecting good fortune, not dwelling on the negative--her bad luck had vanished. One day, she went shopping and found a dress she liked. But she didn’t buy it, and when she returned to the store in a week, it was gone. Instead of slinking away disappointed, she looked around and found a better dress--for less. Events like this made her a much happier person.Her experience shows how thoughts and behavior affect the good and bad fortune we encounter. It proves that the most elusive of holy grails--an effective way of taking advantage of the power of luck--is available to us all. A series of experiments described in the passage is to examine whether thought and behavior can （）.
Eye behavior, involving varieties of eye-contact, can give subtlemessages which people pick up in their daily life. Warm looks or coldstares tell more than words can. Meeting or failing to meet anotherperson’s eye produce a particular effect. When two Americans look 63. ______.searchingly at each other’s eye, emotions are heightened and the 64. ______.relationship becomes closer. However, Americans are careful about where 65. ______.and when to meet other’s eye. In our normal conversation, each eyecontact lasts only a few seconds before one or both individuals look away,because the longer meeting of the eyes is rare, and after it happens, can 66. ______.generate a special kind of human-to-human awareness. For instance, bysimply using his eyes. a man can make a woman aware of him comfortablyor uncomfortably; a long and steady gaze from a policeman or judge 67. ______.intimidates accused. In the U.S. proper street behavior requires a nicebalance of attention and inattention. You are supposed to look at a passer- 68. ______.by just enough to show that you are being aware of his presence. If youlook too little, you appear haughty; too much, inquisitive. Much eye 69. ______.behavior is such subtle that our reaction to it is largely instinctive.Besides, the codes of eye behavior vary dramatically from one culture to 70. ______.other. In the Middle east, it is impolite to look at other person all the timeduring a conversation; in England, the polite listener fixes the speaker 71. ______.with an inattentive stare and blinks eyes occasionally as a sign of interestand attention. In America, eye behavior functions as a kind of 72. ______.conversational traffic signal control the talking pace and time, and toindicate a change of topic. If you can understand this vital mechanism ofinterpersonal relations, the basic American idiom is there. 69（）
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