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××××××××××××××(标题) 发改法规[2010]965号各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市、副省级省会城市、新疆生产建设兵团发展改革委，国务院各有关部委、直属机构，各中央管理企业： 为规范招标师职业水平证书登记服务管理工作，加强招标采购从业人员队伍建设，根据原人事部、国家发展改革委《招标采购专业技术人员职业水平评价暂行规定》和《招标师职业水平考试实施办法》(国人部发[2007]63号)的规定，我委制定了《招标师职业水平证书登记服务管理办法(试行)》，现予印发，自发布之日起施行。 附：招标师职业水平证书登记服务管理办法(试行)(略) 国家发展改革委 2010年5月18日 根据通知的性质和作用，本文属于( )。
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药品的有效期指药品在规定的储藏条件下能保持质量的期限。根据药物的物化性质、剂型特点，生产厂家A的一批某药品可使用至2011年10月31日，其外包装上标注的有效期限可能有三种标示方法。 以“有效期年限”标注该药品的有效期限应该是
[A] Energising money[B] The dilemma of smart-card systems[C] The future of money[D] Sending money home[E] Flashing the plastic[F] A cash call[G] How to pay in TokyoSmart cards and mobile phones are quickly emerging as ways to pay with electronic cash.41. ______.Nowadays, some of the hottest nightclubs have a new trick for checking the identity of their VIP guests: they send an entry pass in the form of a super bar code to their mobile phones. Mobile phones are becoming an increasingly popular way to make all sorts of payments. In America fans of the Atlanta Hawks have been testing specially adapted Nokia handsets linked to their Visa cards to enter their local stadium and to buy refreshments. It reckons worldwide payments using mobile phones will climb from just $ 3.2 billion in 2003 to more than $ 37 billion by 2008.42. ______.More banking services are also being offered on mobiles. On February 12th, 19 telephone operators with networks in over 100 countries said that people would be able to use their handsets to send money abroad. MasterCard will operate the system in which remittances will be sent as text messages. Sir John Bond, formerly chairman of the HSBC banking group and now chairman of Vodafone, has 10rig been convinced that payments and mobiles would somehow converge. "Mobile phones have the ability to make a dramatic change to village life in Africa," he says.43. ______.The various "contactless" payment systems rely on a technology called "near-field communication" (NFC). But mobile phones can be much smarter. They can be de-activated remotely; they have a screen which can show information, like a credit balance and product information; they have a keyboard to enter information and they can communicate. This means they can also be used to auth0rise larger payments by entering PIN codes directly on the handset or topped up with stored credit from an online bank account without having to go to an ATM.44. ______.To see the potential of mobile-phone money, start in Japan. Most Japanese have at least one credit card, but they tend to stay in their owners’ pockets. Housewives routinely peel off crisp YI0 000 ($ 82) notes to pay for their shopping. Utility bills and other invoices are dutifully taken to the bank and paid in cash, or more likely these days at the local convenience store. Yet despite the popularity of cash, the mobile phone is starting to change even Japan’s traditional habits."However, many smart-card systems do not work with each other, but that will change on March 18th when 26 railways and 75 bus companies in the greater Tokyo area will begin sharing a new stored-value system, called Pasmo. This too will be available both as a plastic smart-card or built into mobile phones.45. ______.Unlike the Japanese, Americans prefer to use plastic for their purchases. Cards account for more than half of all transactions, up from 29% a decade ago, according to Nilson Report, a trade publication. More than 1.5 billion credit cards are stuffed into Americans’ wallets. The average household has more than ten. Banks and credit-card firms hope to convert more cash and cheque payments to plastic with new smart cards. Some versions are already very successful. Many Americans use EasyPass, in which drivers pay for highway tolls wirelessly.A decade ago some observers predicted that internet banking would render retail banking from high-street branches obsolete. But JPMorgan, Bank of America and others are adamant that people are nowadays using bank branches more than ever. Even if the phone and the smart card replace cash, who gets to collect the fees remains open to contention. 44
Internet advertising is booming. The industry has gone from $ 9.6 billion in revenue in 2001 to $ 27 billion this year, according to Piper Jaffray, an investment bank. And it is still early days. The internet accounts for only 5% of total spending on advertising, but that figure is expected to reach at least 20% in the next few years. The single largest category within this flourishing industry, accounting for nearly half of all spending, is "pay-per-click" advertising, which is used by firms both large and small to promote their wares. The benefits of the pay-per-click approach over traditional advertising (television, radio, print and billboards are obvious. Since advertisers pay only to reach the small subset who actually respond to an advertisement, the quality of the leads generated is very high, and advertisers are prepared to pay accordingly. The price: per click varies from $ 0.10 to as much as $ 30, depending on the keyword, though the average is around $ 0.50. Google made most of its $ 6.1 billion in revenue last year from pay-per-click advertising. But as pay-per-click advertising has grown into a huge industry, concern has mounted over so-called "click fraud"--bogus clicks that do not come from genuinely interested customers. It takes two main forms. If you click repeatedly on the advertisements on your own website, or get other people or machines to do so on your behalf, you can generate a stream of bogus commissions. Click fraud can also be used by one company against another: clicking on a rival firm’s advertisements can saddle it with a huge bill. Bogus clicks are thought to account for around 10% of all click traffic, though nobody knows for sure. A few months ago Mr. Gross pioneered an alternative to the pay-per-click model. In February, Snap, a search engine backed by Mr. Gross, launched "pay-per-action" (PPA), a new model in which advertisers pay only if a click on an ad is followed by an action such as a purchase or a download. Might this put an end to click fraud Don’t bet on it, says Mike Zeman at Starcom, an advertising agency. Payper-action will be a niche, he predicts, since converting a click into an action depends on a variety of factors such as the ease of use of the advertiser’s website. Google and its peers will be reluctant to be so dependent on factors outside their control. But Mr. Tobaccowala thinks pay-per-action could become a real alternative to pay-per-click. As bigger companies spend more on internet advertising; they will demand more accountability and a wider range of options, he says. At the very least, that means clamping down on click fraud; but it also presents an opportunity for entrepreneurs to invent new models that are less vulnerable to abuse. The PPA will become more popular due to ______.
(一) 江阴市华西村原党委书记吴仁宝，40多年来，带领华西人不仅创造了率先发展、科学发展的奇迹，而且塑造了家庭和睦、邻里相亲、干群团结、上下齐心的文明乡风。吴仁宝认为“富了口袋还要富脑袋，物质文明、精神文明都得抓”。他提出幸福生活的“土标准”，即：生活富裕、精神愉快、身体健康。他亲自编写《十富赞歌》、《十穷戒词》和《华西村歌》让群众传唱。这些“土标准”和乡歌民谣，有力地促进了村民的道德养成和建设。 在带领华西人走向富裕的过程中，吴仁宝一向坚持艰苦奋斗的政治本色，“不拿全村最高的工资，不拿全村最高的奖金，不住全村最好的房子”，他将这些年政府部门奖励他的5000多万元钱全捐给了村里。“老百姓幸福是我最大的满足”，这是他既朴实又经典的一句话。“有难官先当，有福民先享”，吴仁宝以自己的先进思想去引导群众，以自己的先进行为去带动群众，成为建设社会主义新农村的带头人。 “富了口袋还要富脑袋，物质文明、精神文明都得抓”，华西村的发展体现了( )。
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