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Passage 4Diseases have diverse causes, which can be classified into two broad groups: infectious and noninfectious. Infectious diseases can spread from one person to another and are caused by microscopic (极小的) organisms that invade the body. Noninfectious diseases are not communicated from person to person and do not have, or are not known to involve, infectious agents. Some diseases, such as the common cold, are acute, coming on suddenly and lasting for no more than a few weeks. Other diseases, such as arthritis (关节炎), are chronic (长期的), persisting for months or years, or recurring (复发) frequently.Every disease has certain characteristic effects on the body. Some of these effects, called symptoms and signs, include fever, inflammation, pain, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and rashes, and are readily apparent to the patient. These symptoms offer important clues that help physicians and other health care professionals make a diagnosis. Many times, however, the symptoms point to several possible disorders. In those cases, doctors rely on medical tests, such as blood examinations and X rays, to confirm the diagnosis.The course of a disease--that is, the path it follows from onset to end--can vary tremendously, depending largely on the individual and the treatment he or she receives. For example, otherwise healthy people usually recover quickly from a bout of pneumonia (肺炎) if given proper treatment, whereas pneumonia often proves fatal to people with a weakened immune system and to those who do not receive prompt, effective treatment. Some diseases run a different course depending on the patient's age. Chicken pox (水痘), for instance, is usually mild in childhood but severe in adults. In the United States, only about 5 percent of chicken pox cases occur in people over the age of 20, but these cases account for 50 percent of all deaths from the disease. The course of a disease depends on （）.
Passage 3In the early 1920s Walter E. Disney began a cartoon company in Kansas City, Missouri, with fellow artist Ub Iwerks, but the company soon went bankrupt. Disney joined his brother Roy in Hollywood, California, in 1923 and established The Disney Brothers Studio (工作室). The studio produced a series of lovable short subjects called Alice in Cartoonland (1924-1927). In 1928 Walt Disney came up with the idea for Mickey Mouse, a good-natured, lovable mouse who often finds himself in difficult situations, Iwerks helped design the character, and Walt Disney Productions produced Plane Crazy (1928), a black-and-white silent film featuring the mouse.Walt Disney achieved great commercial success when he added sound and dialogue to the Mickey Mouse film Steamboat Willie (1928). Disney introduced other popular characters in subsequent films of the 1930s and 1940s, including Minnie Mouse, Mickey's girlfriend; Goofy, an amiable dog; and the excitable Donald Duck. In 1937 Disney released Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In 1954 the Disney company launched a popular weekly television series called "Disneyland." In 1955 the company opened the Disneyland theme park in California, and put forwards "The Mickey Mouse Club" television series on ABC. Disney also continued to produce popular motion pictures in the 1950s and 1960s.Walt Disney died in 1966 and Roy Disney died in 1971. Without the Disney brothers' creative and marketing guidance, the company faltered. In 1984 Disney began to regain its stature in the entertainment industry when it hired Michael Eisner, president of Paramount Pictures, as chief executive officer. "stature" in the last paragraph probably means （）.
Passage 2The United Nations, an accepted authority on population levels and trends, estimates that the world population reached 5.3 billion in 1990, and is increasing annually by more than 90 million persons. The rate of increase, 1.7 percent per year, has fallen below the peak rate of 2 percent per year attained by 1970. However, absolute yearly increments are not expected to start declining until after the year 2000.Estimates of world population before 1900 are based on fragmentary (不全的；不完整的) data, but scholars agree that average population growth approached approximately 0.002 percent per year. Growth was delayed and influenced by climate, food supply, disease, and war.Starting in the 17th century, great advances in scientific knowledge, agriculture, industry, medicine, and social organization made possible substantial increases in population. Inanimate (无生命的) energy gradually replaced human and animal labor. People slowly acquired the knowledge and means to control disease. All continents shared in a five-time population increase over a 300-year period--from about 500 million in 1650 to 2.5 billion in 1950--but increases were most obvious in regions where new technologies were devised and applied.Beginning about 1950, with improvements in water supplies, sewage (下水道里的污物) -disposal facilities, and transportation networks, agricultural yields increased, and deaths from infectious and parasitic diseases greatly declined. Life expectancy at birth in most developing countries increased from about 35-40 years in 1950 to 61 years by 1990. According to the passage, what will happen in the next century（）
Passage 4Diseases have diverse causes, which can be classified into two broad groups: infectious and noninfectious. Infectious diseases can spread from one person to another and are caused by microscopic (极小的) organisms that invade the body. Noninfectious diseases are not communicated from person to person and do not have, or are not known to involve, infectious agents. Some diseases, such as the common cold, are acute, coming on suddenly and lasting for no more than a few weeks. Other diseases, such as arthritis (关节炎), are chronic (长期的), persisting for months or years, or recurring (复发) frequently.Every disease has certain characteristic effects on the body. Some of these effects, called symptoms and signs, include fever, inflammation, pain, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and rashes, and are readily apparent to the patient. These symptoms offer important clues that help physicians and other health care professionals make a diagnosis. Many times, however, the symptoms point to several possible disorders. In those cases, doctors rely on medical tests, such as blood examinations and X rays, to confirm the diagnosis.The course of a disease--that is, the path it follows from onset to end--can vary tremendously, depending largely on the individual and the treatment he or she receives. For example, otherwise healthy people usually recover quickly from a bout of pneumonia (肺炎) if given proper treatment, whereas pneumonia often proves fatal to people with a weakened immune system and to those who do not receive prompt, effective treatment. Some diseases run a different course depending on the patient's age. Chicken pox (水痘), for instance, is usually mild in childhood but severe in adults. In the United States, only about 5 percent of chicken pox cases occur in people over the age of 20, but these cases account for 50 percent of all deaths from the disease. In the first paragraph, what did the author try to tell us（）
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