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It is hard to say how long people have been drinking wine. Wine is far older than recorded history. Some experts say it is as old as (31) itself. The flint wine ever made was (32) an accident. People in ancient times (33) have picked ripe grapes. Some juicy grapes at the bottom of the container were (34) together. As the grapes broke open, yeasts on the skins went to work turning sugar from the fruit into alcohol. It is the fermentation (35) that turns grape juice into wine. Wine was not just about having a/an (36) drink. It could be stored for future use. (37) it was nutritious and much safer to drink than water during early times. Some experts say that up (38) the 1600s in Europe, wine was one of the only prepared drinks. After that, wine had (39) from beer, coffee, and tea. Winemaking probably began in the ancient Near East and Egypt. Burial places in ancient Egypt (40) information about wine and its importance in Egyptian culture. The ancient Romans greatly expanded the winemaking (41) By the end of the Roman Empire, almost all of the major wine producing (42) still in production today (43) established in western Europe. One thing was very important for the start of the modem wine industry. Wine (44) a better storage method. In the mid-16OOs’ people began making glass wine bottles that were (45) and low cost. Before that, wine was transported in containers made (46) wood, clay or leather. Glass bottles and the tight seal of a cork (47) wine to last longer in storage. It became clear that wine (48) even better over time. These developments (49) a whole new kind of wine culture. Today, the top wine producing countries in the world are Italy, France and Spain, (50) the United States.
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In ten years, the living conditions of the poor have been improving—but not necessarily because of the UN’s goals. Even at 70, Jiyem, an Indonesian grandmother, gets up in the small hours to cook and collect firewood for her impoverished household. Her three-year-old grandson is malnourished. Nobody in her family has ever finished primary school. Her ramshackle house lacks electricity; the toilet is a hole in the ground; the family drinks dirty water. Asked about her notion of well-being by researchers from Oxford University, Jiyem said, "I cannot picture what well-being means. " The sort of deprivation Jiyem describes remains widespread. The United Nations reckons that in 2008 over a quarter of children in the developing world were underweight, a sixth of people lacked access to safe drinking water, and just under half used insanitary toilets or none at all. ① But while these figures are disquieting, a smaller fraction of people were affected than was the case two decades ago. So such data also indicate the world’s progress towards meeting the Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs), a set of targets adopted by world leaders at the UN ten years ago. The leaders gave themselves 15 years to reach the goalposts set in 2000. Two-thirds of that time is up. This week they returned to the UN for another meeting. Few, if any, of them have close experience of poverty. So the MDG exercise has at least made them spend three days discussing matters they might prefer to ignore. It has also helped to shift the debate away from how much is being spent on development towards how much is being achieved. But few go as far as Ban Ki-Moon, the UN secretary-general, who recently called the goals "a milestone in international co-operation" that had helped "hundreds of millions of people around the world. "②alking up the MDGs is, of course, part of Mr Ban’s job. And there has indeed been progress on many fronts. But it is hard to assign much credit to the exercise itself. Alison Evans of Britain’s Overseas Development Institute (ODI) reckons that the MDGs have come to be seen as applying to each developing country. But it is hard to track performance at country level: 28 of the poorest countries have recorded poverty rates for only one year between 1990 and 2008, according to a tally by researchers at the Centre for Global Development, a think-tank in Washington, DC. ③ This makes any judgments about their progress mere guesswork. The word "insanitary" in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A．肾小球滤过膜的机械屏障作用 B．肾小球滤过膜的电荷屏障作用 C．两者均有 D．两者均无
[1] "Daddy, you’re crying," say my sons. "No, boys, I’m man-crying. Very useful skill. " [2] A short walk from my house in Hampshire, on a hill overlooking the heathland, is a plaque marking the spot where Richard Pryce Jones deliberately crashed his Halifax bomber during the war.① He could have parachuted to safety, but that would have meant crashing into the village. The epitaph reads: "He died that others might live. " [3] It never fails to move me. Not to tears, you understand. That would be disrespectful. But I do usually manage a lump in the throat and that film of moisture over the eyes that men have in their emotional armoury.② Gordon Brown demonstrated the non-crying cry beautifully when he made his farewell speech on the steps of Number 10. That catch in the throat. The determination not to weep in public. At that moment, if at no other, he had nobility. [4] Not everyone can carry it off. I don’t think Paul Gascoigne ever quite got the hang of it, for example. But I like to think I have it down to an art. My technique honed from years of watching The Railway Children, Sleepless in Seattle and that scene in Dumbo when the mother elephant is locked away. "Daddy!" my sons will say, pointing the accusing finger. "You’re crying !" [5] "Me Over Dumbo Ha ha ha. No, boys, what I am doing is man-crying, a sort of non-crying cry. I’ll teach you it one day. Very useful. " [6] They are too young to appreciate the nuance yet, but when they are older I will explain that open sobbing is associated with being female, and so inappropriate for men. ③The Charlie Chaplin analogy might be useful here. He once said that the way to act drunk is to imagine yourself a drunk man trying to act sober. The same is true when a man learns the non-crying cry. To be convincing, you must look as if you are trying to avoid tears. [7] Men have to be careful what they cry at, because some subjects are more worthy of tears than others. Grief, obviously. But not self-pity. And rarely should a man cry in pain. And never at the death of a princess he didn’t know. Those are the rules. [8] I suspect my colleague Matt Pritchett might be with me on this. One of his cartoons showed a father next to a television tuned to the World Cup, explaining to his children that "at some point in the next few weeks, you are going to see me cry". ④ And the day after the last survivor of the Great Escape died, he did a cartoon showing a gravestone with a mound of tunnelled earth trailing away from it. I seemed to have something in my eye when I saw that, and I expect he had the same something in his eye when he drew it. According to the author, Paul Gascoigne______.
It is hard to say how long people have been drinking wine. Wine is far older than recorded history. Some experts say it is as old as (31) itself. The flint wine ever made was (32) an accident. People in ancient times (33) have picked ripe grapes. Some juicy grapes at the bottom of the container were (34) together. As the grapes broke open, yeasts on the skins went to work turning sugar from the fruit into alcohol. It is the fermentation (35) that turns grape juice into wine. Wine was not just about having a/an (36) drink. It could be stored for future use. (37) it was nutritious and much safer to drink than water during early times. Some experts say that up (38) the 1600s in Europe, wine was one of the only prepared drinks. After that, wine had (39) from beer, coffee, and tea. Winemaking probably began in the ancient Near East and Egypt. Burial places in ancient Egypt (40) information about wine and its importance in Egyptian culture. The ancient Romans greatly expanded the winemaking (41) By the end of the Roman Empire, almost all of the major wine producing (42) still in production today (43) established in western Europe. One thing was very important for the start of the modem wine industry. Wine (44) a better storage method. In the mid-16OOs’ people began making glass wine bottles that were (45) and low cost. Before that, wine was transported in containers made (46) wood, clay or leather. Glass bottles and the tight seal of a cork (47) wine to last longer in storage. It became clear that wine (48) even better over time. These developments (49) a whole new kind of wine culture. Today, the top wine producing countries in the world are Italy, France and Spain, (50) the United States.
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