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The United States has hosted the Olympic Games a record eight times. St. Louis, Los Angeles (twice) and Atlanta have been the sites of the summer Games while Lake Placid (twice). Squaw Valley and Salt Lake City in 2002 have welcome the winter Games.Ten U. S. cities have entered the process to become the candidate city for the 2010 Olympic Games which will be selected by the U. S. Olympic Committee Board of directors. The U. S. city will then face competition from around the world with the International Olympic Committee making the final decision.The 10 cities have until the spring of 2000 to prepare their final bids for the USOC. Following site evaluations and the XLXth Olympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City, Utah (Feb. 8-24,2002), the U. S. Olympic candidate city will be elected in the fall of 2002 at the USOC’s Board of Direction meeting. The closing date for all worldwide candidate cities to submit bids to the International Olympic will be in the winter of 2003. The IOC will then select the 2010 host city in the fall of 2005."Our work can begin in the fall of 2002, allowing us to have a great bid and saving bid cities a tremendous amount of money by shortening the expensive international campaign," said Anita DeFrantz, an IOC vice president.The U. S. Olympic Committee is also in the process of identifying a U. S. candidate city for the 2007 "Pan American Games. "The United States has previously hosted this event for countries in North, Central and South America in Chicago(1959) and Indianapolis(1987).The timeline approved by the USOC Board for the cities registered and bidding to become the U. S. candidate city for the 2007 Pan American Games-Houston; Raleigh, N.C. ; San Antonio, Texas; and south Florida-calls for each city’s final bids to be submitted to the USOC by September 1998. Following site evaluations, the USOC Board will select the USA’s 2007 bid city in the spring of 1999. The Pan American Sports Organization (PASO) will select the host city in 2002.USOC Executive Director Dick Schuhz explained that the USOC’s objectives in setting up the timelines for the bid cities were: to maintain focus on the mission, pursue strategic initiatives, complete the Pan American Games bids before the Olympic Games bids, complete the Salt Lake City Olympic Winter Games and effort, and to then launch an international bid off the success of Salt Lake City. Anita DeFrantz is ().
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Friend: OK, so what happened when you got to the airport Pauline: Well, I waited in queue for ages and finally it was my turn to come up to the desk. So I presented my passport and she said, "I think you need a visa". And I said, "No, I don’t. I was there six years ago and it was OK then". So…and she said, "Well your travel agent should have told you". So anyway she went away to check and when she came back I just knew by the look on her face that I needed a visa. And my flight was going to go just then. And I said," What will I do" And so she called over the OSL rep, they’re the people I booked through, and they were very nice to me and they said," Well, you’ve got to go to London and get your visa. "And I said" Well can’t you have it at the airport" And they said" No". So then they said, "Well the best thing to do is to get on this coach and go down to London". So I got on a coach but there was pea-soup fog everywhere and so I sat on the motorway for two hours. And the whole time thinking what I am doing And so I got down to London. And it took literally three minutes. I filled in a form. They stamped my passport, 3 pounds thanks. And then I had to ring the airline and try to get a flight out. And they kept saying "Ring back in an hour. Ring back in an hour. Ring back in an hour". And every time I had to ring back they’d say "Sorry. Well, the nearest flight we’ve got is from Newcastle tomorrow morning. " Friend: Oh, no. You didn’t go to Newcastle. Pauline: No, I didn’t go to Newcastle. Luckily, they kept ringing and ringing and ringing and meantime I had to kill time in Green Park. It was a hot, hot day and I was carrying all my luggage and I then kept walking back to Victoria Station. Friend: Oh, you weren’t in Luton. You were waiting in London. Pauline: That’t right. I then went to London. And then , so I kept ringing and then eventually they got me a flight out to airport…er to lbiza. Friend: From Luton Pauline: No, from Gatwick actually. So then because I was in London that was nearer Gatwick, I had to then stay in London so I had to phone a friend and he was out for two hours, and then he wouldn’t be home for another two hours so I killed four hours before I got to him, stayed the night with him. He drove me to the airport the next morning. Then the plane was delayed. So I was getting really frightened by this time. And so then eventually I got on the plane and it was delayed by engine trouble and so on. And then I got out there, and I got out there five minutes after the airline office closed and there was no message for me. Friend: Oh my God. Pauline: So I thought "I don’t know what to do". And all the other people kept saying "Well, get in a taxi" and you know what it’s like in a foreign country. You think "I can’t get in a taxi. It’ll cost the earth". But in fact they said "Well it’s never far in these places". And so then I decided. OK, so I got in a taxi. Friend: But you had the address Pauline: Well luckily…I didn’ t have the address before I left home but luckily at Luton airport I’d asked for the address, so I had the address. Right. So then the taxi drove me out to the airport…er…to the villa, and we took ages to find it. We were searching round eventually found it… Pauline failed to catch the flight because she forgot her visa at home.
We were married in 1962. I was 21, he was 24. These were times when it was generally expected that women married young rarely traveled before marriage and were not independent in financial matters. They did not own their own cars or house and mostly lived at home with their parents until marriage. Rarely did women have university degrees, most left school as soon as they reached 15 and worked in what was perceived as ’female’ positions. The assumption was that they would get married, produce children and stay at home to he a mother and so a tertiary education was not considered important unless one came from a family of professionals. It was generally expected that after a few years of marriage, children would eventuate, Contraception was a hit and miss affair and many unplanned pregnancies occurred. It was unusual for a couple not to reproduce, and stranger still that they would choose not to have children. However, I never felt pressure to have a family. My mother asked once when she was to be a grandmother and was given the reply ’never’, so the subject was not discussed again. My sister has three kids so she did not miss out on grandkids, I do not accept comments like: "Who will look after you when you are old" I would never have had children for that purpose and do not believe this is a logical reason for producing offspring. The choice not to have children in our ease was not for selfish reasons, as was once mentioned by a person who did not know me very well, such as wanting material possessions. In fact these things are not high on our agenda. Sure, not having kids has given us more flexibility in some pursuits. Couples today do make decisions not to have children and up to a point, their decisions are more accepted than the past. What is wrong with women wanting to pursue a career or whatever and deciding do not fit into the scheme of things Why did the woman choose not to have children()
The importance of parties and of the people in the British system of government can best be appreciated by seeing what happens at a General Election. At this, which must take place at least every five years, elections are held in every constituency in Britain to decide which individuals shall represent them in the House of Commons. For electoral purposes the country is divided into 635 constituencies, each of which returns one Member of Parliament. Each constituency contains, on the average, about 63,000 electors. Any citizen over the age of 18 can vote in the constituency where he usually resides; only criminals, lunatics, and members of the House of Lords are disqualified from voting. Similarly, any citizen can become a candidate for election to Parliament, though there are two conditions: he or she must get ten electors in the constiuency to nominate him as a candidate, and he must put down a deposit of 150 pounds which he forfeits if he gets less than one-eighth of all the votes cast in the constituency. On the day appointed for the election, voters go to the polling stations in their constituency and indicate, by marking a ballot form, which of the various candidates listed on the form they would like to have as their representative in the House of Commons. At the end of the day the ballot-boxes, into which the voters have put their marked forms, are sealed and taken to one center in the constituency, unlocked, and the votes counted in the presence of the candidates. The one who has the most votes (even if he has only more than his nearest opponent) is successful, and will go to Westminster as Member of Parliament for that constituency. On the day appointed for the election, where do voters have to go()
Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word, Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Another early Native American tribe in (31) is now the southwestern part of the United States was the Anasazi. By A. D. 800 the Anasazi Indians were constructing multistory pueblos-massive, stone apartment compounds. Each (32) was virtually a stone town, (33) is why the Spanish would later (34) them pueblos, the Spanish word (35) towns. These pueblos represent one of the Anasazis’ supreme achievements. At least a dozen large stone houses (36) shape below the bluffs of Chaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico. They were built with masonry walls more than a meter thick and adjoining apartments to (37) dozens, even hundreds, of families. The largest, later named Pueblo Bonito (Pretty Town) (38) the Spanish, rose in five terraced stories, contained more than 800 rooms, and could have housed a population of 1,000 or (39) Besides living quarters, each (40) included one or more kivascircular underground chambers faced with stone. They functioned (41) sanctuaries where the elders met to plan festivals, perform ritual dances, settle pueblo affairs, (42) impart tribal lore to the younger generation. Some (43) were enormous. Of the 30 or so at Pueblo Bonito, two measured 20 meters across. They contained niches for ceremonial objects, a central fire pit, and holes in the floor for communicating (44) the spirits of tribal ancestors.Each pueblo represented an astonishing amount of well-organized labor. Using only stone and wood (45) , and without benefit of wheels or draft animals, the builders quarried ton upon ton of sandstone (46) the canyon walls, cut it into small blocks, hauled the blocks to the construction site, and fitted them together with mud mortar. Roof beams of pine or fir had to be (47) from logging areas in the mountain forests many kilometers (48) . Then, to connect the pueblos and to give (49) to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces. In time, the roads reached (50) to more than 80 satellite villages within a 60 kilometer radius. 34().
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